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Integration finals > Histology of urinary > Flashcards

Histology of urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

Removal of metabolic waste by-products

Regulation of body fluid composition & volume

Endocrine function (renin, erythropoietin)
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2
Q

COvering of kidney

A

renal capsule, perirenal fat, renal (GErota’s) fascia

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3
Q

Renal capsule

A

thin fibrous CT layer

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4
Q

Perirenal fat

A

thick layer of adipose tissue

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5
Q

Renal (Gerota’s) fascia

A

dense fibrous CT layer

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6
Q

Kidney has

A

cortex, medulla, corticol column

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7
Q

Cortex

A

cortical arch

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8
Q

medulla

A
  1. renal pyramids, 2. corical columns
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9
Q

renal pyramids

A
  • Base
  • Apex (~ renal papilla)
  • Pointing towards hilum
    Openings at area cribrosa
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10
Q

cortical column

A

extension of cortex

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11
Q

RENAL PELVIS

A

= Funnel-shaped expansion of proximal ureter

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12
Q

Excretory passage of urine

A

Openings at renal papilla → minor calyces → major calyces → renal pelvis → ureter

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13
Q

Mucosa lined by

A

transitional epithelium

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14
Q

Ducts of Bellini

A

largest collecting ducts opens at area cribrosa in renal papilla

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15
Q

Nephron

A
  1. Renal or Malphigian corpuscle

2. Renal tubules

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16
Q

Renal or Malphigian corpuscle

A

Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus

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17
Q

Renal tubules

A

proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule

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18
Q

2 types of nephrons

A

cortial nephron, juztamedullary nephron

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19
Q

cortical nephron (85%)

A

Shorter
Renal corpuscle in superficial cortex & mid-cortical
Tubular part extends into outer medulla
Have peritubular capillaries

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20
Q

juxtamedullary nephron (15%)

A

Longer
Renal corpuscle near cortico-medullary junction
Tubular part extends into inner medulla
Have vasa recta capillaries

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21
Q

Renal or malphigian corpuscle

A

Oval to round structure in renal cortex

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22
Q

Renal or malphigian corpuscle composed of

A

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

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23
Q

GLOMERULUS (network of fenestrated capillaries)

A 
Afferent arteriole (incoming)
Efferent arteriole (outgoing)
Wall lined by endothelium
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24
Q

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

= dilated (pouch-like) part of nephron

A

INNER VISCERAL LAYER - Podocytes
OUTER PARIETAL LAYER
- Simple squamous epithelial cells

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25
Q

Vascular pole

A

Blood vessels enter & exit Bowman’s capsule

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26
Q

Urinary pole

A

Connects Bowman’s capsule to proximal tubule

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27
Q

PODOCYTE

A

Modified epithelial cells lining visceral layer of bowman’s capsule

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28
Q

Filtration slits or slit pores

A
  • in between pedicels

- covered by thin slit diaphragm / slit membrane

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29
Q

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION BARRIER component

A

Components:

     1. Fenestrae of glomerular endothelial wall
2. Glomerular basal lamina  
3. Slit diaphragm of filtration slits
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30
Q

MESANGIAL CELLS

A

= Specialised connective tissue cells

31
Q

Mesangial cells groups

A

a.k.a Lacis cells, intraglomerular

32
Q

Extraglomerular

A

At vascular pole, As a component of juxtaglomerular apparatus

33
Q

intraglomerular

A

Within renal corpuscle, Support capillary loops of glomerulus

34
Q

renal tubule

A

pt, dct, loh

35
Q

pt

A

pctt, descending thick limb

36
Q

dt

A

ascending thick limb , dct, macula densa

37
Q

proximal tubule = renal cortex

A

Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
More eosinophilic cytoplasm
Long microvilli (brush border)

38
Q

proximal tubule fx

A

Resorption of water, sodium, chloride,
amino acids & glucose
Eliminates waste, drugs & toxins

39
Q

;loh where

A

Renal cortex & medulla

40
Q

loh structure

A

Lined by simple squamous epithelium

No microvilli

41
Q

loh fx

A

Resorption of mainly water

descending limb > ascending limb

42
Q

distal tubule = renal cortex structure

A

Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
Less eosinophilic cytoplasm
Only few short microvilli

43
Q

distal tubule fx

A

[*in response to aldosterone]
Resorption of sodium & chloride
Secretion of hydrogen & potassium

44
Q

collecting tubules and duct got 3 parts

A

3 parts:
Cortical
Medullary
Papillary

45
Q

collecting tubules and duct what

A

Each tubule drains several DCT

Short connecting tubule
→ collecting tubule (CT) → collecting ducts (CD)
→ opens at area cribrosa of renal papilla
→ minor calyx

46
Q

collecting tubules and duct structure

A

Lined by simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
pale- stained cytoplasm
well defined cellular outlines
- no microvilli

47
Q

collecting tubules and duct fx

A

Resorption of water

[*ONLY in presence of Anti diuretic hormone (ADH) ]

48
Q

cortical labyrinth

A

Renal corpuscles
Convoluted part of renal tubules
- PCT
- DCT

49
Q

medullary rays

A

Straight part of renal tubules
- Pars recta of PT & DT
- Thin limbs of LOH
Collecting tubules

50
Q

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS component

A

Macula densa cells of DCT
Juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole
Extraglomerular mesangial cells

51
Q

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS fx

A

Regulate blood pressure

& filtration rate of glomerulus

52
Q

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS where

A

near vascular pole

53
Q

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS formed by

A

dct and glomerular afferent arteriole

54
Q

MACULA DENSA CELLS

A

= modified epithelial cells of DCT

55
Q

MACULA DENSA CELLS structure

A

Tall, narrow, pale cells with prominent central nuclei

56
Q

macula densa acting as

A

chemooreceptors, Sensitive to sodium ions concentration in DCT
[Low sodium concentration → renin production]

57
Q

URETERS (ureters)

A

folded mucosa, smooth muscle layer, 3 layers in lower 1/3, adventitia, stellate shaped lumen

58
Q

Folded mucosa

ureters

A
  • Transitional epithelium & lamina propria
59
Q

Smooth muscle layer:

ureters

A
  • 2 layers in upper 2/3
    Inner longitudinal
    Outer circular
  • 3 layers in lower 1/3
    Inner longitudinal
    Middle circular
    Outer longitudinal
60
Q

Adventitia (ureters)

A
  • Loose CT containing

blood vessels, lymphatic vessels & nerves

61
Q

URINARY BLADDER got

A

mucosa, smooth muscle, adventitia/serosa , transitional epithelium and lamina propria

62
Q

mucosa urinary bladder

A
  • Folded except at trigone
63
Q
  • Transitional epithelium & lamina propria

ub

A

Mucus gland in lamina propria near urethral orifice

64
Q 
Smooth muscle (~ detrusor muscle)
(ub)
A
  • 3 layers:
    Inner longitudinal
    Middle circular
    Outer longitudinal.

Middle layer forms internal sphincter at internal orifice of urethra

65
Q

Adventitia/ serosa (UB)

A
  • Dense irregular collagenous CT

with elastic fibers

66
Q

MALE URETHRA

A

mucosa , lamina propria, smooth muscle

67
Q

mucosa (male urethra)

A
  • Transitional epithelium for prostatic urethra
    Pseudostratified/ stratified columnar epithelium
    for membranous & spongy urethra
    Stratified squamous nonkeratinised epithelium
    for glans penis area
68
Q

Lamina propria (male uretha)

A

Loose fibroelastic CT with glands of Littre

69
Q

Smooth muscle (male urethra)

A

Inner longitudinal & outer circular

70
Q

External urethral sphincter

A

in urogenital diaphragm

- skeletal muscle (voluntary control)

71
Q

Female urethra

A

elongated mucosal folds, Inner longitudinal & outer circular smooth muscle
,

72
Q

Female urethra lined by

A 
Transitional epithelium (near bladder)
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium 
(near external orifice)
73
Q

female urethra has lamina propria

A

Loose fibroelastic CT with glands of Littre

Integration finals (19 decks)

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