Histology of the GI tract Flashcards
1
Q
The four layers of the GI tract, from outside to in
A
Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
2
Q
The epithelial lining of the GI tract
A
Mucosa
3
Q
The layers of the mucosa, from inside to outside
A
Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
4
Q
Which layer of the mucosa is loose CT?
A
Lamina propria
5
Q
Which layer of the mucosa is smooth muscle?
A
Muscularis mucosae
6
Q
Which layer of the mucosa contains the blood vessels?
A
Lamina propria
7
Q
Which layer of the mucosa contains the macrophages and lymphocytes?
A
Lamina propria
8
Q
Which type of tissue is the submucosa made of?
A
Denser connective tissue
9
Q
The submucosa contains blood and lymph vessels and nerves. T/F
A
T
10
Q
The smooth muscle cells layer of the GI tract
A
Muscularis
11
Q
The sublayers of the muscularis
A
Internal sublayer (circular) and external sublayer (longitudinal)
12
Q
The autonomic nerves in the submucosa
A
Submucosal plexus
13
Q
The autonomic nerves in the muscularis
A
Myenteric nerve plexus
14
Q
The myenteric nerve plexus and the submucosal nerve plexus make up which type of nervous system?
A
Enteric nervous system
15
Q
The layer of loose connective tissue of the GI tract
A
Serosa
16
Q
What type of muscles are internal in the muscularis layer?
A
Circular smooth muscles
17
Q
What type of muscles are external in the muscularis layer?
A
Longitudinal smooth muscles
18
Q
The simple squamous covering of the serosa
A
Mesothelium
19
Q
The serosa is replaced by what in the esophagus?
A
Adventitia
20
Q
What is the difference between serosa and adventita?
A
The adventita is thick connective tissue lacking a mesothelium. The serosa is think connective tissue with mesothelium covering.
21
Q
Lymphocytes of the GI tract secrete into the lumen which antibody?
A
IgA
22
Q
IgA is resistant to proteolytic enzymes. T/F
A
T
23
Q
Most of the variation of the layers of the GI tract occurs within which layer?
A
Mucosa
24
Q
Three primary functions of the mucosa
A
Protection, absorption and secretion
25
Type of epithelium in esophagus
Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous
26
Type of epithelium in most of the GI tract
Simple columnar
27
Meissner's plexus is part of which layer of the GI tract?
Submucosa
28
Auerbach's plexus is part of which layer of the GI tract?
Muscularis externa
29
The spincters of the GI tract is by which layer?
Muscularis externa
30
The teniae coli is made from the thickened layer of which layer of the muscularis externa?
Longitudinal smooth muscle
31
The pharyngoesophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter is made from the thickening of which layer of the muscularis externa?
Circular smooth muscle layer
32
In which part of the GI tract is a third, obliquely oriented layer of smooth muscle present deep into the circular layer?
Stomach
33
The ileoccecal valve, inferior esophageal sphincter and internal anal sphincter is made from the thickening of which layer of the muscularis externa?
Circular smooth muscle layer
34
Two types of esophageal glands
Esophageal glands proper and esophageal cardiac glands
35
Esophageal glands in the submucosa
Esophageal glands proper
36
Esophageal glands in the lamina propria of the mucosa
Esophageal cardiac glands
37
Secretion of esophageal glands
Mucous
38
Layer in which esophageal glands proper are present
Submucosa
39
Layer in which esophageal cardiac glands are present
Lamina propria of the mucosa
40
Which glands are present only in the terminal part of the esophagus, and the beginning of the esophagus?
Esophageal cardiac glands
41
The divisions of the stomach based on the type of gland that each contains
Cardiac region (cardia), pyloric region (pylorus), fundic region (fundus)
42
The largest histologic region of the stomach
Fundic region (fundus)
43
The histologic region near the esophageal orifice
Cardiac region (cardia)
44
The histologic region proximal to the pyloric sphincter
Pyloric region (pylorus)
45
The longitudinal folds or ridges in the stomach
Rugae
46
The rugae do not alter total surface area; rather, they serve to accommodate expansion and filling of the stomach. T/F
T
47
Numerous opening on the mucosal surface observed at higher magnification
Gastric pits or foveolae
48
The epithelium of the stomach
Simple columnar
49
Fundic glands are gastric glands, but not all gastric glands are fundic glands. T/F
F
Fundic glands are also called gastric glands, and vice versa.
50
Which region of the stomach are fundic glands located?
Entire gastric mucosa except for relatively small regions occupied by cardiac and pyloric glands
51
Fundic glands are simple, branched, tubular glands that extend from the bottom of the gastric pits to the muscularis. T/F
F
They extend to the MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE.
52
A site of stem cell location in the mucosae
Isthmus of the fundic gland
53
Fundic glands are composed of four functionally different cell types which are?
Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal (oxyntic) cells and enteroendocrine cells
54
Which fundic cells produce mucous?
Mucous neck cells
55
Which cells secrete HCl?
Parietal (oxyntic) cells
56
Which cells secrete pepsinogen?
Chief cells
57
Parietal cell secretions
HCl, intrinsic factor, ghrelin
58
What do mucous neck cells secrete?
Mucous
59
What is the difference between mucous neck cells secretion and surface mucous cell secretion?
Mucous neck cells secrete a soluble, acidic mucous while surface mucous cells secrete an alkaline, insoluble or cloudy mucous
60
Parietal cells are intersperesed between these types of fundic cells
Mucous neck cells
61
Secretions of chief cells
Pepsinogen, gastric lipase, leptin
62
Parietal cells tend to be numerous in the upper and middle portions of the neck of the fundic gland. T/F
T
63
Intrinsic factor is secreted by which cell?
Parietal (oxyntic) cells
64
Cardiac glands are composed of which types of cells?
Mucous-secreting cells
65
Pyloric glands are branch, coiled, tubular glands. T/F
T
66
The secretory cells of pyloric glands are similar in appearance to the surface mucous cells. T/F
T
67
The surface mucous cells of the fundic glands are renewed by mitotic activity in which part of the gland?
Isthmus
68
Which cells of the stomach have the longest life span?
Parietal cells
69
The lamina propria of the stomach is relatively scanty and restricted to the limited spaces surrounding the gastric pits and glands. T/F
T
70
Permanent transverse folds of the small intestine containing a core of submucosa
Plicae circulares (circular folds) aka. valves of Kerckring
71
Valves of Kerckring are most numerous in which parts of the small intestine?
Distal part of duodenum, and beginning of jejunum
72
Unique, fingerlike and leaflike projections of the mucosa that extend from mucosal surface into the lumen of the small intestines
Villi
73
Striated borders of enterocytes
Microvilli
74
Villi consist of a core of loose connective tissue covered by which type of epithelium?
Simple columnar
75
Villi are projections of which layer of the small intestines?
Mucosa
76
A central blind-ending lymphatic capillary found in the villus
Lacteal
77
Simple tubular structures that extend from the muscularis mucosae of the small intestines through the thickness of the lamina propria, where they open onto the luminal surface of the intestine at the base of the villi
Intestinal glands or crypts of Lieberkuhn
78
Microvilli are composed of which type of filaments?
Microfilaments
79
Secretion of goblet cells
Mucous
80
Where are paneth cells located in small intestines?
In the bases of intestinal glands
81
True of the pharynx:
A. The mucosa of the oropharynx and nasopharynx correspond to the epithelial lining of the digestive tract
B. Pharyngeal mucosa lacks muscularis mucosae
C. Pharyngeal wall does not contain any glands
D. AOTA
*
82
True of cardiac mucosa:
A. Gastric pits appear as funnel-shaped invaginations of its surface epithelium
B. Apical cells have short villi
C. Epithelial cells are slow to regenerate
D. AOTA
A
83
True of parietal cells
A. Most conspicuous of the gastric cells
B. Prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm
C. Apical secretory granules
D. AOTA
D
84
Characteristic of submucosa (in stomach)
A. Moderately dense CT
B. Contains thick collagen and elastic fibers
C. Contains wandering lymphatics and plasma cells
D. AOTA
^
85
True of muscularis externa of stomach
A. Oblique layer is consistently found in the cardia
B. Longitudinal later found in lesser and greater curvature
C. Circular layer is thickest in pyloric sphincter
D. AOTA
^
86
Brunner's glands (submucosal glands) are present in which part of the small intestines?
Duodenum
87
The large intestines contain crypts of Lieberkuhn. T/F
T
88
Which cell type is present in the small intestines, but not in the large intestines?
Paneth cells
89
Simple, branched tubular glands: Cardiac, pyloric or gastric
Gastric (fundic) glands
90
Coiled, branched, tubular glands: Cardiac, pyloric or gastric
Cardiac and pyloric
91
G-cells are in: Cardiac, pyloric or gastric
Pyloric
92
EC cells: Cardiac, pyloric or gastric
Gastric
93
Which cells secrete gastrin?
G-cells
94
Which cells of the stomach secrete histamine?
EC cells
