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Abdomen > Histology of the GI tract > Flashcards

Histology of the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

The four layers of the GI tract, from outside to in

A

Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

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2
Q

The epithelial lining of the GI tract

A

Mucosa

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3
Q

The layers of the mucosa, from inside to outside

A

Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

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4
Q

Which layer of the mucosa is loose CT?

A

Lamina propria

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5
Q

Which layer of the mucosa is smooth muscle?

A

Muscularis mucosae

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6
Q

Which layer of the mucosa contains the blood vessels?

A

Lamina propria

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7
Q

Which layer of the mucosa contains the macrophages and lymphocytes?

A

Lamina propria

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8
Q

Which type of tissue is the submucosa made of?

A

Denser connective tissue

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9
Q

The submucosa contains blood and lymph vessels and nerves. T/F

A

T

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10
Q

The smooth muscle cells layer of the GI tract

A

Muscularis

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11
Q

The sublayers of the muscularis

A

Internal sublayer (circular) and external sublayer (longitudinal)

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12
Q

The autonomic nerves in the submucosa

A

Submucosal plexus

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13
Q

The autonomic nerves in the muscularis

A

Myenteric nerve plexus

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14
Q

The myenteric nerve plexus and the submucosal nerve plexus make up which type of nervous system?

A

Enteric nervous system

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15
Q

The layer of loose connective tissue of the GI tract

A

Serosa

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16
Q

What type of muscles are internal in the muscularis layer?

A

Circular smooth muscles

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17
Q

What type of muscles are external in the muscularis layer?

A

Longitudinal smooth muscles

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18
Q

The simple squamous covering of the serosa

A

Mesothelium

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19
Q

The serosa is replaced by what in the esophagus?

A

Adventitia

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20
Q

What is the difference between serosa and adventita?

A

The adventita is thick connective tissue lacking a mesothelium. The serosa is think connective tissue with mesothelium covering.

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21
Q

Lymphocytes of the GI tract secrete into the lumen which antibody?

A

IgA

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22
Q

IgA is resistant to proteolytic enzymes. T/F

A

T

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23
Q

Most of the variation of the layers of the GI tract occurs within which layer?

A

Mucosa

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24
Q

Three primary functions of the mucosa

A

Protection, absorption and secretion

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25
Q

Type of epithelium in esophagus

A

Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous

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26
Q

Type of epithelium in most of the GI tract

A

Simple columnar

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27
Q

Meissner’s plexus is part of which layer of the GI tract?

A

Submucosa

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28
Q

Auerbach’s plexus is part of which layer of the GI tract?

A

Muscularis externa

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29
Q

The spincters of the GI tract is by which layer?

A

Muscularis externa

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30
Q

The teniae coli is made from the thickened layer of which layer of the muscularis externa?

A

Longitudinal smooth muscle

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31
Q

The pharyngoesophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter is made from the thickening of which layer of the muscularis externa?

A

Circular smooth muscle layer

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32
Q

In which part of the GI tract is a third, obliquely oriented layer of smooth muscle present deep into the circular layer?

A

Stomach

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33
Q

The ileoccecal valve, inferior esophageal sphincter and internal anal sphincter is made from the thickening of which layer of the muscularis externa?

A

Circular smooth muscle layer

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34
Q

Two types of esophageal glands

A

Esophageal glands proper and esophageal cardiac glands

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35
Q

Esophageal glands in the submucosa

A

Esophageal glands proper

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36
Q

Esophageal glands in the lamina propria of the mucosa

A

Esophageal cardiac glands

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37
Q

Secretion of esophageal glands

A

Mucous

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38
Q

Layer in which esophageal glands proper are present

A

Submucosa

39
Q

Layer in which esophageal cardiac glands are present

A

Lamina propria of the mucosa

40
Q

Which glands are present only in the terminal part of the esophagus, and the beginning of the esophagus?

A

Esophageal cardiac glands

41
Q

The divisions of the stomach based on the type of gland that each contains

A

Cardiac region (cardia), pyloric region (pylorus), fundic region (fundus)

42
Q

The largest histologic region of the stomach

A

Fundic region (fundus)

43
Q

The histologic region near the esophageal orifice

A

Cardiac region (cardia)

44
Q

The histologic region proximal to the pyloric sphincter

A

Pyloric region (pylorus)

45
Q

The longitudinal folds or ridges in the stomach

A

Rugae

46
Q

The rugae do not alter total surface area; rather, they serve to accommodate expansion and filling of the stomach. T/F

A

T

47
Q

Numerous opening on the mucosal surface observed at higher magnification

A

Gastric pits or foveolae

48
Q

The epithelium of the stomach

A

Simple columnar

49
Q

Fundic glands are gastric glands, but not all gastric glands are fundic glands. T/F

A

F

Fundic glands are also called gastric glands, and vice versa.

50
Q

Which region of the stomach are fundic glands located?

A

Entire gastric mucosa except for relatively small regions occupied by cardiac and pyloric glands

51
Q

Fundic glands are simple, branched, tubular glands that extend from the bottom of the gastric pits to the muscularis. T/F

A

F

They extend to the MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE.

52
Q

A site of stem cell location in the mucosae

A

Isthmus of the fundic gland

53
Q

Fundic glands are composed of four functionally different cell types which are?

A

Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal (oxyntic) cells and enteroendocrine cells

54
Q

Which fundic cells produce mucous?

A

Mucous neck cells

55
Q

Which cells secrete HCl?

A

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

56
Q

Which cells secrete pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

57
Q

Parietal cell secretions

A

HCl, intrinsic factor, ghrelin

58
Q

What do mucous neck cells secrete?

A

Mucous

59
Q

What is the difference between mucous neck cells secretion and surface mucous cell secretion?

A

Mucous neck cells secrete a soluble, acidic mucous while surface mucous cells secrete an alkaline, insoluble or cloudy mucous

60
Q

Parietal cells are intersperesed between these types of fundic cells

A

Mucous neck cells

61
Q

Secretions of chief cells

A

Pepsinogen, gastric lipase, leptin

62
Q

Parietal cells tend to be numerous in the upper and middle portions of the neck of the fundic gland. T/F

A

T

63
Q

Intrinsic factor is secreted by which cell?

A

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

64
Q

Cardiac glands are composed of which types of cells?

A

Mucous-secreting cells

65
Q

Pyloric glands are branch, coiled, tubular glands. T/F

A

T

66
Q

The secretory cells of pyloric glands are similar in appearance to the surface mucous cells. T/F

A

T

67
Q

The surface mucous cells of the fundic glands are renewed by mitotic activity in which part of the gland?

A

Isthmus

68
Q

Which cells of the stomach have the longest life span?

A

Parietal cells

69
Q

The lamina propria of the stomach is relatively scanty and restricted to the limited spaces surrounding the gastric pits and glands. T/F

A

T

70
Q

Permanent transverse folds of the small intestine containing a core of submucosa

A

Plicae circulares (circular folds) aka. valves of Kerckring

71
Q

Valves of Kerckring are most numerous in which parts of the small intestine?

A

Distal part of duodenum, and beginning of jejunum

72
Q

Unique, fingerlike and leaflike projections of the mucosa that extend from mucosal surface into the lumen of the small intestines

A

Villi

73
Q

Striated borders of enterocytes

A

Microvilli

74
Q

Villi consist of a core of loose connective tissue covered by which type of epithelium?

A

Simple columnar

75
Q

Villi are projections of which layer of the small intestines?

A

Mucosa

76
Q

A central blind-ending lymphatic capillary found in the villus

A

Lacteal

77
Q

Simple tubular structures that extend from the muscularis mucosae of the small intestines through the thickness of the lamina propria, where they open onto the luminal surface of the intestine at the base of the villi

A

Intestinal glands or crypts of Lieberkuhn

78
Q

Microvilli are composed of which type of filaments?

A

Microfilaments

79
Q

Secretion of goblet cells

A

Mucous

80
Q

Where are paneth cells located in small intestines?

A

In the bases of intestinal glands

81
Q

True of the pharynx:

A. The mucosa of the oropharynx and nasopharynx correspond to the epithelial lining of the digestive tract
B. Pharyngeal mucosa lacks muscularis mucosae
C. Pharyngeal wall does not contain any glands
D. AOTA

A

*

82
Q

True of cardiac mucosa:

A. Gastric pits appear as funnel-shaped invaginations of its surface epithelium
B. Apical cells have short villi
C. Epithelial cells are slow to regenerate
D. AOTA

A

A

83
Q

True of parietal cells

A. Most conspicuous of the gastric cells
B. Prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm
C. Apical secretory granules
D. AOTA

A

D

84
Q

Characteristic of submucosa (in stomach)

A. Moderately dense CT
B. Contains thick collagen and elastic fibers
C. Contains wandering lymphatics and plasma cells
D. AOTA

A
85
Q

True of muscularis externa of stomach

A. Oblique layer is consistently found in the cardia
B. Longitudinal later found in lesser and greater curvature
C. Circular layer is thickest in pyloric sphincter
D. AOTA

A
86
Q

Brunner’s glands (submucosal glands) are present in which part of the small intestines?

A

Duodenum

87
Q

The large intestines contain crypts of Lieberkuhn. T/F

A

T

88
Q

Which cell type is present in the small intestines, but not in the large intestines?

A

Paneth cells

89
Q

Simple, branched tubular glands: Cardiac, pyloric or gastric

A

Gastric (fundic) glands

90
Q

Coiled, branched, tubular glands: Cardiac, pyloric or gastric

A

Cardiac and pyloric

91
Q

G-cells are in: Cardiac, pyloric or gastric

A

Pyloric

92
Q

EC cells: Cardiac, pyloric or gastric

A

Gastric

93
Q

Which cells secrete gastrin?

A

G-cells

94
Q

Which cells of the stomach secrete histamine?

A

EC cells

Abdomen (20 decks)

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