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Medicine Unit 4 > Histology of the cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Histology of the cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

large thick walled vessels with small lumen to deal with high pressure
transport mainly oxygenated blood away from the heart towards the capillaries (other than pulmonary artery)
get progressively smaller away from the heart

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2
Q

branches of elastic arteries

A

muscular arteries

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3
Q

arterioles

A

small arteries
progressively smaller away from the heart

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4
Q

capillaries

A

small vessels with extremely thin walls
site of exchange

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5
Q

veins

A

large thin walled vessels with large lumen, deal with ow pressure
some have valves to prevent gravitational backflow
get progressively larger towards heart

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6
Q

venules

A

small veins, similar appearance to capillaries
progressively larger towards heart

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7
Q

3 layers of vessels

A

tunica intima, endothelium
tunica media, smooth muscle
tunica adventitia, connective tissue

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8
Q

what is in the image and label

A

artery
endothelium, intima, media, adventitia, vasa vasorum

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9
Q

what is in the image and label

A

vein
endothelium, intima, media, adventitia, vasa vasorum

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10
Q

tunica intima

A

internal
composed of a lining of highly specialised epithelial cells, endothelium with flattened nuclei
endothelium sits on a basal lamina
internal elastic lamina, in arteries only

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11
Q

tunica media

A

middle
smooth muscle, circular
elastin/elastic tissue

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12
Q

tunica adventitia

A

external
fibroblasts, collagen (structure)
smooth muscle, longitudinal
vaso vasorum, small vessels sending penetrating branches into the media to supply it with blood

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13
Q

what is in the image and label top to bottom

A

artery and vein
wall of artery
wall of sin
lumen of vein
red blood cells
white blood cell

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14
Q

what is in the image and label

A

arteriole
red blood cells in arteriole lumen
smooth muscle cell nucleus
endothelial cell nuclei

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15
Q

differences between arteries and veins

A

arteries have internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina
tunica media predominano in arteries
tunica adventitia is thickest in veins

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16
Q

what is in the image

A

top is an artery
bottom is a vein

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17
Q

label a-d

A

internal elastic lamina
external elastic lamina
tunica media
tunica externa

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18
Q

label a-d

A

internal elastic lamina
external elastic lamina
tunica media
tunica externa

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19
Q

what is in the image

A

artery
m- media
a- adventitia
I- intima
t= thrombus

20
Q

what is this and why

A

muscular artery
has a thick tunica media

21
Q

how do you differentiate between collagen fibres

A

in the media they’re regular and organised
in the adventitia they’re disorganised

22
Q

what is this

A

elastic artery
black are elastic fibres

23
Q

capillaries

A

thinnest wall
major site of gas exchange
wall is composed of endothelial cells, basement membrane and occasional contractile cells= pericytes

24
Q

what is a pericyte

A

contractile cells

25
Q

what is in the image

A

capillary

26
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoidal

27
Q

continuous capillary

A

tight
uninterrupted endothelium
reduced permeability restricts passage of material found in regions where barrier function is required
blood-brain barrier

28
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

more permeable
engaged in fluid transport
renal corpuscles in kidneys

29
Q

sinusoidal capillaries

A

wider gaps
facilitate movement of fluid but also larger molecules and blood cells
liver and spleen

30
Q

what is in the image

A

continuous

31
Q

what is in the image

A

fenestrated capillary

32
Q

what is in the image

A

sinusoidal capillary

33
Q

label the image

A

basement membrane
endothelium

34
Q

layers of the heart

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

35
Q

what is in the image

A

endocardium
top is innermost (endothelial cells)
middle
other layer (direct contact with myocardium)

36
Q

what is in the image

A

myocardium

37
Q

label the image

A

S- striations
N- nucleus
I- intercalated discs

38
Q

features of cardiac muscle

A

cardiac muscle cells, cardiocytes
similar to skeletal as it is striated
single centrally placed nucleus
connected by intercalated disc to ensure electrical continuity

39
Q

epicardium

A

visceral pericardium
flattened mesothelial cells
fibrocollagenous stroma
vessels supplying heart
adipose tissue

40
Q

what is in the image and label

A

epicardium
A- adipose tissue, hexagonal shape
CA- coronary artery embedded in fat
F- fibres of epicardium
Me- mesothelial cells, external
M- myocardium

41
Q

vasculitis

A

Inflammation and damage to blood vessels often resulting in ischemia of the tissue served by the affected vessels; may be related to infection, medications, and various autoimmune disorders.

42
Q

angina

A

Chest pain associated with ischemia of the myocardium, most often due to severe atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries; the pain of angina, often described as pressure, is typically substernal but may radiate to the arms or neck.

43
Q

myocardial infarction

A

Necrosis of cardiac muscle due to interruption of its blood supply,most often due to coronary artery atherosclerosis.

44
Q

atherosclerosis

A

the most clinically significant form of arteriosclerosis (“hardening of the arteries”), characterized by the accumulation of lipid within the intima of arteries producing plaques that cause narrowing, or “stenosis,” of the artery.

45
Q

ateriosclerosis

A

A general term referring to any hardening (loss of elasticity) of arteries, especially small arteries. High blood pressure is the most common cause. Atherosclerosis is one form of arteriosclerosis.

46
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot formed within an artery or vein as a result of endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow, or an increased tendency to form clots (hypercoagulability); rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery promotes the formation of a thrombus.

Medicine Unit 4 (19 decks)

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