Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine Unit 4 > Anatomy of the respiratory system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

which vertebral level is the sternal angle

A

T4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

label top to bottom

A

head
neck
angle
subcostal groove
costal cartilage
tubercle
articular facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

true ribs articulation

A

articulate directly with the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

false ribs articulation

A

they don’t directly attach to the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

atypical ribs

A

1,2,10,11,12
have unusual features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rib 1 features

A

flat
distinct tubercles
has grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rib 10 features

A

has one articular facet on its head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

label top to bottom

A

body
vertebral foramen
pedicle
lamina
transverse process
spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

label top to bottom

A

superior articular facets
superior demifacet
facet for articulation with tubercle of rib
inferior articular facets
inferior demifacet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superior articular facets

A

articulate with the vertebrae above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

superior demifacets

A

articulation with the head of the rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

inferior demifacet

A

articulation with head of the rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

inferior articular facets

A

articulate with the vertebrae below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rib articulation

A

typical rib articulates with the body of its own vertebra
transverse process of its own vertebra
and the body of the vertebra above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

joints in rib articulation

A

costotransverse and costovertebral

they are synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

accessory muscles in forced inhalation

A

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
pectoralis major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

accessory muscles in forced expiration

A

internal intercostals
external obliques
internal obliques
transversus abdominus
rectus abdominus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

muscles of the chest wall

A

11 pairs of external intercostals
11 pairs internal intercostals
11 pairs innermost intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

external intercostals

A

in the intercostal space
between pairs of ribs
elevate ribs and keep intercostal space rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

internal intercostals

A

in ICS lateral edge of the costal groove to the rib below
depress ribs and keep ICS rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

innermost intercostals

A

medial edge of costal groove to rib below
act with internal intercostals
subcostal and transversus thoracis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

arterial supply to the intercostals

A

posterior intercostal arteries: 1 and 2, supreme intercostal artery, 3-11 thoracic aorta

anterior intercostal arteries: internal thoracic artery
1-6 direct branches
7-11 musculophrenic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

venous drainage of the intercostals

A

parallels arterial supply intercostal veins
drain into the azygous vein, most posterior
and internal thoracic veins m most anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

innervation of the intercostals

A

T1-11 are intercostal nerves
T12 is the subcostal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

label top to bottom

A

median arcuate
right crus
left crus
medial arcuate
lateral arcuate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

superiorly anatomy of the diaphragm

A

central tendon
no body attachment, fibrous pericardium is attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

inferiorly attached anatomy of the diaphragm m

A

diploid process
costal margin and ribs 11 and 12
posterior abdominal wall via arcuate ligaments
lumbar vertebrae

28
Q

right crus

A

L1-3

29
Q

left crus

A

L1-2

30
Q

3 arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm

A

median, aorta
medial, psoas major
lateral, quadrates lumborum

31
Q

respiratory function of the diaphragm

A

contracts and flattens as a single unit
increasing thoracic volume and drawing air into the lungs

32
Q

non respiratory function of the diaphrag m

A

separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
increases intra-abdominal pressure, helping to expel vomit faeces and urine
preventing acid reflux by exerting pressure on the oesophagus as it passes through the oesophageal hiatus

33
Q

what are the 3 diaphragmatic openings

A

caval opening
oesophageal hiatus
aortic hiatus

34
Q

caval opening

A

T8
inferior vena cava
right phrenic nerve

35
Q

oesophageal hiatus

A

T10
vagal trunks
oesophageal blood vessels

36
Q

aortic hiatus

A

T12
aorta
thoracic duct
azygos vein

37
Q

remembering the level at which structures enter the diaphragm

A

corresponds to the letters in the word
vena cava is 8
oesophagus is 10
aortic hiatus is 12

38
Q

innervation of the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerves
C3,4,5
keep the diaphragm alive

39
Q

right phrenic nerve

A

caval opening
T8

40
Q

left phrenic nerve

A

passes directly through the diaphragm

41
Q

marginal part of th diaphragm innervation

A

spinal nerves
T6-12
sensory

42
Q

what innervates the crura

A

spinal nerves from T12

43
Q

what is the respiratory system structurally divided into

A

upper and Lower respiratory system

44
Q

what is the respiratory system functionally divided into

A

conducting airway
respiratory airway

45
Q

upper respiratory system

A

above the sternal angle
nose
pharynx
associated structures

46
Q

lower respiratory system

A

mostly below sternal angle
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

47
Q

conducting airway

A

nose to terminal bronchioles
filters, arms and moistens air

48
Q

respiratory airway

A

respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
gas exchange between air and blood

49
Q

trachea

A

starts at C6
C shaped cartilage rings in walls
open part of the C faces posteriorly
posterior wall is mainly smooth muscle
bifurcates at T4/5 into left and right bronchi

50
Q

bronchial tree

A

primary bronchus enters the lung root via the hilum
within the lung the primary bronchi into lobar bronchi, secondary
lobar bronchi divide into segmental bronchi which supply the bronchopulmonary segments

51
Q

segmental bronchi

A

to each bronchopulmonary segment

52
Q

bronchioles

A

approximately 13 divisions
less cartilage with each division
more smooth muscle

53
Q

terminal bronchioles

A

no cartilage, high in smooth muscle
fewer goblet cells
Clara cells distally

54
Q

left lung

A

superior and inferior lobe
lingual
2 bronchial arteries
oblique fissure

55
Q

right lung

A

superior inferior and middle lobes
1 bronchi artery
oblique and horizontal tissues

56
Q

hilum of the lung contains what

A

bronchi
pulmonary arteeries
pulmonary veins
pulmonary ligament is the lining

57
Q

where is the horizontal fissure located, surface anatomy

A

horizontal fissure
4th costal cartilage to mid axillary line

58
Q

pleura

A

double layered thin mesothelial membrane
visceral layer, adheres to the lungs
parietal layer, adheres to the chest wall

59
Q

pleural cavity

A

potential space between the two pleural layers
contains pleural fluid

60
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

potential space
ribs 8 to 10

61
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural cavity

62
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

63
Q

examples of pleural effusions

A

haemothorax
empyema
chylothorax

64
Q

haemothorax

A

blood in pleural cavity

65
Q

empyema

A

pus in the pleural cavity

66
Q

chylothorax

A

lymph in the pleural cavity

Medicine Unit 4 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions