Histology of cartilage and bone

Question 1

What is cartilage?

Answer 1

A highly resilient form of connective tissue

Question 2

What does cartilage have instead of fibroblasts?

Answer 2

Chondrocytes

Chondroblasts

Question 3

What is cartilage surrounded by?

Answer 3

Perichondreum

Question 4

How do nutrients reach cartilage?

Answer 4

Cartilage is avascular

Diffusion through ground substance

Question 5

How far do blood vessels reach in cartilage?

Answer 5

They terminate at the perichondreum

Question 6

What is different with articular cartilage?

Answer 6

Has no perichondreum

Instead has synovium

Question 7

What is synovium?

Answer 7

Synovium contains synovial fluid

Delivers nutrients to articular cartilage

Question 8

What are chondrocytes?

Answer 8

Active cells

Found in the lacunae

Question 9

What are lacunae?

Answer 9

Specialised spaces in the matrix

Question 10

What makes up cartilage?

Answer 10

Type 2 collagen
Glycosaminoglycans
Protoglycans

Question 11

What is the main glycosaminoglycan in cartilage

Answer 11

Hyaluronic acid

Question 12

What do chondrocytes make?

Answer 12

Ground substance
Fibres
All proteins & enzymes

Question 13

Where are chondroblasts located?

Answer 13

At the periphery of collagen

Question 14

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 14

Elastic
Hyaline
Fibrous

Question 15

What is elastic cartilage?

Answer 15

Elastic fibres

Collagen fibres

Question 16

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 16

Epiglottis
Pinna
Auditory tube

Question 17

What is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 17

Perichondreum made of type 1 collagen
Inner layer is type 2 collagen
Contains progenitor cells

Question 18

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 18

Articular joints
Thorax
Growth plates of long bones

Question 19

What is the proper name of the growth plate

Answer 19

Epiphyseal

Question 20

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 20

Chondrocytes

Fibroblasts

Question 21

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 21

Pubic synthesis

Intervertebral discs

Question 22

What is bone?

Answer 22

Specialised connective tissue

Mineralised

Question 23

Name the two types of bone

Answer 23

Woven bone

Compact bone

Question 24

What is woven bone?

Answer 24

Initial bone
In embryo
Irregular

Question 25

What is compact bone?

Answer 25

Also known as lamellar | Stronger

Question 26

What is bone surrounded by?

Answer 26

Periosteum

Question 27

Name 3 cells found in bone

Answer 27

Osteocytes Osteoclasts Osteoblasts

Question 28

What is an osteocyte?

Answer 28

Little activity Long life span Canicular projections to other osteocytes and periosteum

Question 29

Where is an osteocyte found?

Answer 29

Bone matrix | Inside lacunae

Question 30

What does an osteoclast do?

Answer 30

Breaks down the bone releasing calcium Secretes enzymes Secretes matrixmetalloproteonases Forms a sealed zone

Question 31

What is a Howship's lacunae?

Answer 31

An articular connection between an osteoclast and the bone | Has a ruffled border

Question 32

What does an osteoblast do?

Answer 32

Secretes the bone matrix called the osteoid | Secretes osteonectin

Question 33

What is the osteoid?

Answer 33

Osteoid is the bone matrix | Main component is osteocalcin

Question 34

What does osteocalcin do?

Answer 34

Attracts calcium to the bone

Question 35

Why would an osteoclast break down the bone?

Answer 35

When Ca2+ levels are too low

Question 36

What does osteonectin do?

Answer 36

Joins osteoblasts to the rest of the bone

Question 37

What is the Haversian canal?

Answer 37

Canal in the bone containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 38

What does the ground substance of cartilage contain?

Answer 38

Keratin Hyaluronic acid Chondroitin

Question 39

What are lamellae?

Answer 39

Layers of compact bone

Question 40

What is another name for the Haversian system?

Answer 40

Osteon

Question 41

What are canaliculi?

Answer 41

Microscopic channels between lacunae

Question 42

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 42

The formation of blood products