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Anatomy > Histology of cartilage and bone > Flashcards

Histology of cartilage and bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is cartilage?

A

A highly resilient form of connective tissue

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2
Q

What does cartilage have instead of fibroblasts?

A

Chondrocytes

Chondroblasts

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3
Q

What is cartilage surrounded by?

A

Perichondreum

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4
Q

How do nutrients reach cartilage?

A

Cartilage is avascular

Diffusion through ground substance

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5
Q

How far do blood vessels reach in cartilage?

A

They terminate at the perichondreum

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6
Q

What is different with articular cartilage?

A

Has no perichondreum

Instead has synovium

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7
Q

What is synovium?

A

Synovium contains synovial fluid

Delivers nutrients to articular cartilage

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8
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

Active cells

Found in the lacunae

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9
Q

What are lacunae?

A

Specialised spaces in the matrix

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10
Q

What makes up cartilage?

A

Type 2 collagen
Glycosaminoglycans
Protoglycans

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11
Q

What is the main glycosaminoglycan in cartilage

A

Hyaluronic acid

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12
Q

What do chondrocytes make?

A

Ground substance
Fibres
All proteins & enzymes

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13
Q

Where are chondroblasts located?

A

At the periphery of collagen

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14
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Elastic
Hyaline
Fibrous

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15
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Elastic fibres

Collagen fibres

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16
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Epiglottis
Pinna
Auditory tube

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17
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Perichondreum made of type 1 collagen
Inner layer is type 2 collagen
Contains progenitor cells

18
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Articular joints
Thorax
Growth plates of long bones

19
Q

What is the proper name of the growth plate

A

Epiphyseal

20
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

Fibroblasts

21
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Pubic synthesis

Intervertebral discs

22
Q

What is bone?

A

Specialised connective tissue

Mineralised

23
Q

Name the two types of bone

A

Woven bone

Compact bone

24
Q

What is woven bone?

A

Initial bone
In embryo
Irregular

25
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Also known as lamellar

Stronger

26
Q

What is bone surrounded by?

A

Periosteum

27
Q

Name 3 cells found in bone

A

Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts

28
Q

What is an osteocyte?

A

Little activity
Long life span
Canicular projections to other osteocytes and periosteum

29
Q

Where is an osteocyte found?

A

Bone matrix

Inside lacunae

30
Q

What does an osteoclast do?

A

Breaks down the bone releasing calcium
Secretes enzymes
Secretes matrixmetalloproteonases
Forms a sealed zone

31
Q

What is a Howship’s lacunae?

A

An articular connection between an osteoclast and the bone

Has a ruffled border

32
Q

What does an osteoblast do?

A

Secretes the bone matrix called the osteoid

Secretes osteonectin

33
Q

What is the osteoid?

A

Osteoid is the bone matrix

Main component is osteocalcin

34
Q

What does osteocalcin do?

A

Attracts calcium to the bone

35
Q

Why would an osteoclast break down the bone?

A

When Ca2+ levels are too low

36
Q

What does osteonectin do?

A

Joins osteoblasts to the rest of the bone

37
Q

What is the Haversian canal?

A

Canal in the bone containing blood vessels and nerves

38
Q

What does the ground substance of cartilage contain?

A

Keratin
Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin

39
Q

What are lamellae?

A

Layers of compact bone

40
Q

What is another name for the Haversian system?

A

Osteon

41
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

Microscopic channels between lacunae

42
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

The formation of blood products

Anatomy (16 decks)

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