Gross anatomy of the digestive system

Question 1

What is the role of the pharynx?

Answer 1

Prevents choking

Question 2

Where does the oesophagus sit?

Answer 2

In the posterior mediastinum

From the jaw to the nipple

Question 3

Name the three parts of the small intestine in order

Answer 3

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 4

Where does digestion start?

Answer 4

Oral cavity

Question 5

What processes happen in the oral cavity?

Answer 5

Ingestion
Lubrication
Chewing
Tasting

Question 6

What does the tongue help form?

Answer 6

A bolus

Question 7

What immune protection is found in the oral cavity?

Answer 7

The tonsils

Question 8

Where is the oropharynx located?

Answer 8

Behind the oral cavity

Question 9

How is food moved down the oesophagus?

Answer 9

Via peristalsis

Question 10

What structure prevents gastric reflux?

Answer 10

The oesophagus passes through the diaphragm which creates a sphincteric mechanism

Question 11

What is produced in the stomach?

Answer 11

Gastric acid

Chyme

Question 12

What controls movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?

Answer 12

Pyloric sphincter

Question 13

What is added to the duodenum?

Answer 13

Bile

Pancreatic juices

Question 14

What is the purpose of bile and pancreatic juices?

Answer 14

Neutralises acidic chyme

Question 15

What does the colon absorb?

Answer 15

Water and vitamins

Products of microbial fermentation

Question 16

What is the name for the area outside the teeth?

Answer 16

Vestibule

Question 17

What is the name for the area within the teeth?

Answer 17

Oral cavity

Question 18

What defines the area of the mouth?

Answer 18

The lips to the isthmus of fauces

Question 19

What are teeth required for?

Answer 19

Fragmentation

Question 20

Describe the location of the tongue

Answer 20

Anterior 2/3 of tongue in oral cavity

Posterior 1/3 in pharynx

Question 21

Describe the key features of the parotid salivary gland

Answer 21

Watery saliva
Contains amylase and lysozyme
IXth cranial nerve via otic ganglion

Question 22

Describe the key features of the submandibular salivary gland

Answer 22

Mixed gland
3:1 serous:mucus
Opens at the submandibular papilla
XIIth cranial nerve via submandibular ganglion

Question 23

Describe the key features of the sublingual salivary gland

Answer 23

Mixed gland
2:3 serous:mucus
XIIth cranial nerve via submandibular ganglion

Question 24

What prevents food going down the trachea?

Answer 24

The epiglottis

Question 25

What kind of epithelia is found in the oral cavity?

Answer 25

Stratified squamous epithelia

Question 26

What is the average length of the oesophagus?

Answer 26

25-30cm

Question 27

What colour is food that leaves the stomach?

Answer 27

White

Question 28

Why are there folds in the stomach?

Answer 28

To allow for distension

Question 29

What is the epithelia like past the oesophagus?

Answer 29

Simple columnar epithelia

Question 30

What is the length of the small intestine?

Answer 30

3m

Question 31

Where do pancreatic products enter the duodenum?

Answer 31

At the duodenum papilla

Question 32

What is the size of the lumen of the duodenum?

Answer 32

Very small

Question 33

Describe the consistency of what enters the large intestine, why?

Answer 33

A suspension | Water is added in the small intestine

Question 34

What is the main role of the large intestine?

Answer 34

Water reabsorption

Question 35

How many layers of muscle are there in the stomach?

Answer 35

3

Question 36

How many layers of muscle are there in the large intestine?

Answer 36

2

Question 37

Compare the surface of the small intestine and the large intestine

Answer 37

Small intestine has villi and crypts | Large intestine has only crypts

Question 38

Describe the structure of the anal sphincter

Answer 38

Internal anal sphincter is smooth muscle under autonomic control External anal sphincter is striated muscle under somatic control