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Anatomy > Histology and histopathology of connective tissue > Flashcards

Histology and histopathology of connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is connective tissue made up of?

A

Organelles
Groups of cells
Extracellular material
Ground substance

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2
Q

What makes up extracellular material?

A

Fibres

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3
Q

What is in ground stubstance?

A

Polysaccharides + protein backbone
Proteoglycans
Multiadhesive proteins

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4
Q

What cells are present in connective tissue?

A

Macrophages
Mast cells
Adipose cells

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5
Q

What are macrophages?

A

From the blood monocytes

Phagocytose

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6
Q

What are mast cells?

A

From basophils of blood

Blue granules of heparin and histamine

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7
Q

What are adipose cells?

A

Fat cells

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8
Q

What is the difference between white and brown adipose cells?

A 
White = unilocular
Brown = multilocular
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9
Q

What is the most common cell in loose connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

What shape is the nucleus of a fibroblast?

A

Spindle shaped

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11
Q

Name the three types of fibre in loose connective tissue

A

Collagen
Reticular fibres
Elastic fibres

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12
Q

What is the collagen like in loose connective tissue?

A

Sparse

Long, tortuous, cylinder of strength, thick

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13
Q

What are reticular fibres?

A

Thin collagen

Scaffolding

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14
Q

What are elastic fibres?

A

Fibres made of elastin and fibrillin

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15
Q

Give an example of regular dense connective tissue

A

Tendons and ligaments

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16
Q

How is regular dense connective tissue arranged?

A

Parallel bundles

Regular arrangement

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17
Q

Give an example of irregular connective tissue

A

Dermis of skin

18
Q

What is the purpose of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue groups together tissues and organs and surrounds them in an extracellular matrix

19
Q

Describe the structure of collagen

A

3 alpha helixes

Produced by fibroblasts

20
Q

What does collagen provide

A

Strength

30% of dry body mass

21
Q

How many types of collagen are there?

A 
28
Type 1 = strongest, in tendons
Type 3 = reticular fibres
Type 4 = basal laminar
Type 7 = binds type 4
22
Q

Reticular fibres provide…

A

…scaffolding

23
Q

What are the two families of fibres

A

Elastic

Collagen

24
Q

Where would you find a lot of reticular fibres

A

Tonsils

other lymphoid tissues

25
Q

What is the purpose of elastic fibres?

A

Maintaining pressure

Stretch

26
Q

What is ground substance?

A

An amorphous gel

27
Q

Name the three polysaccharides and proteins in ground substance

A

Proteoglycans
Multiadhesive proteins
Glycosaminoglycans

28
Q

Name five glycosaminoglycans

A 
Keratin
Dermatin
Chondroitin
Hyaluron
Heparan
29
Q

Where are glycosaminoglycans made?

A

In fibroblasts

Secreted directly into the extra cellular matrix

30
Q

What is a proteoglycan?

A

A core protein

A glycosaminoglycan

31
Q

What does a multi adhesive protein do?

A

Anchors ground substance to cells

32
Q

What is the difference between fibroblast and fibrocytes?

A 
Fibroblast = active
Fibrocyte = inactive
33
Q

What is the role of a myofibroblast?

A

Contraction of wound

34
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

Engulph cells
Break them down
Present products to the immune system

35
Q

What 3 things do mast cells release?

A

Histamine
Chemokines
Heparin

36
Q

What does histamine do?

A 
Causes vasodilation
Increases blood flow
Aids macrophages to enter area
Endothelial permeability 
Heat & swelling
37
Q

What do chemokines do?

A

Attract more cells to the area

38
Q

What does heparin do?

A

Blood thinning

Anticoagulant

39
Q

Why is heparin necessary?

A

Increased blood flow to area

Avoid clotting

40
Q

What are macrophages in the skin called?

A

Langerhans cells

41
Q

Where is loose connective tissue found?

A

Around blood vessels

Layers of muscles and nerves

42
Q

Compare ground substance in loose and dense connective tissue

A

Ground substance > cells

Ground substance < cells

Anatomy (16 decks)

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