Histology: Connective Tissue- Blood Flashcards
What is blood?
A fluid connective tissue that circulates through the cardiovascular system.
What does blood connective tissue consist of?
- plasma (protein-rich liquid extracellular matrix)
- formed elements (white blood cells, red blod cells, and platelets)
What is the name of the protein-rich liquid extracellular matrix?
plasma
What is the composistion of blood?
55% plasma
41% red blood cells
4% white blood cells
0.01% platelets
+ lymphocytes
+ basophils
+ eosinophils
+ monocytes
+ neutrophills
Why is blood an exception to connective tissue?
- it does not have fibers.
- it only has ground substance.
- it is liquid
normally the ECM is a solid substance.
Why are fibers not counted into the ECM?
If there would be fibers in a circulating substances, then it could clot and close the smallest blood vessel blocking circulation, causing a heart attack.
What does plasma consist of?
- albumin
- globulins (immunoglubulins and noimmune globulins)
- fibrinogen
What is albumin in blood plasma responsible for?
colloid osmotic pressure
What are globulins responsible for?
antibodies and immune response
What is fibrinogen responsible for?
blood clotting
What is “serum”?
Blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed.
What is the difference between plasma and serum.
plasma has clotting factors, while serum does not.
–> serum cannot clot
What are erythrocytes?Describe their structure.
- anucleate
- biconcave discs
- packed with heamoglobin
- designed to withstand shear forces experienced during circulation
What are erythrocytes packed with?
heamoglobin
What are erythrocytes designed to withstand?
shear forces experiences during circulation.
What is the normal life span of erythrocytes? How do they reproduce?
120 days
- due to lack of nucleus, they cannot replicate by themselves, therefore their lifespan is very limited anyways.
- produced in blood marrow by other cells.
What is heamoglobin?
- a specialized protein
- consisting of 4 chains of globins with iron containing heam groups for binding, transporting and releasing O2 and CO2
How does O2 and CO2 bind to red blood cells?
- by heamoglobin
- 4 globin chains
- iron containing heam groups
for transporting, binding and releasing.
What are red blood cells called in mammals?
“disks”
–> anucleate, biconcave disks
Why is the biconcave surface necessary in red blood cells?
it makes the SA:V ratio larger, increasing gas exchange.
–> more effitient in transport of the 2 gases
Do erythrocytes vary between species?
Erythrocytes are very different depending on the type of animal and species they are located within.
What type of erythrocytes exist in mammals?
disks, they are biconcave (no nucleus)
What type of erythrocytes do birds, fish, and reptiles have?
- much large
- elongated
- ‘egg shape’
- oval nucleus
remeber: egg shape - evolved from a dinasour egg
What are the differences in mammals of red blood cells? State examples.
eg. equine (horses) vs canine
equine red blood cells do not have smooth surfaces and are smaller, while canine red blood cells have smooth surfaces and are much larger.
What is the professional name used for “white blood cells”?
leukocytes
What two groups are leukocytes subdivided into? Based on what?
based on the PRESENCE or absense of SPECIFIC GRANULES in the cytoplams.
(a) GRANULOCYTES (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)- contain granules
(b) AGRANULOCYTES (lymphocytes, monocytes)- do not contain granules
Which of the following are agranulocytes, and which are granulocytes?
- neutrophils
- basophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- eosinophils
AGRANULOCYTES:
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
GRANULOCYTES:
- neutrophils
- basophils
- eosinophils
agranulocytes: lymo
What type of dye is eosin?
- acidophylic dye
- dyes cytoplasm structures and cytoplasm
- pink colour
What type of dye is hematoxilin?
- stains nucleus
- blue colour