Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary > Histology: Cardiovascular System and Epithelial Cells > Flashcards

Histology: Cardiovascular System and Epithelial Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major divisions of the circulatory system?

A

Blood vascular system and lymphatic vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium Myocardium, and Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The inner most layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Made up or simple squamous epithelium and subendothelial CT which contains purkinje fibers

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where cardiac muscle cells are located. Makes up the atrium and ventricles

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What hormone is found in the atria that decreases BP?

-also inhibits contraction of vascular smooth muscle

A

Atrial natriuretic protein (ANP, stored granules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do the ventricles have that decrease BP?

A

BNP (stored as proBNP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The outermost layer of the heart which contains coronary blood vessels and varying amounts of fat

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three layers of the blood vessels?

A
  1. ) Tunica Intima
  2. ) Tunica Media
  3. ) Tunica Adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Made up of a simple squamous epithelium with a basement membrane.

-Corresponds to the endocardium of the heart

A

Tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Circularly arranged smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue

-corresponds to the myocardium of the heart

A

Tunica Media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Made up of CT containing collagen and elastic fibers

-corresponds to the epicardium of the heart

A

Tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where we see the vaso vasorum and nervi vascularis

A

Tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nourishes the outer layers of the tunica media

A

Vasa Vasorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood vessel made up of simple squamous epithelium lining the lumen and 1-2 layers of smooth muscle cells

A

Arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Capilarry with complete endothelial cells, a basement membrane, and gap junctions

A

Continuous Capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The basil lamina of fenestrated capillaries is

A

Continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Located in tissues with substantial fluid transport, such as endocrine glands and the kidneys

A

Fenestrated capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Found where the relation between blood and parenchyma are needed, like in the liver, spleen, and adrenal gland

A

Discontinuous (sinusoidal) Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

More collagenous tissue and more loosely constructed. Less elastic and muscular tissue. Wall thinner, collapses readily

A

Vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thin, inconspicuous internal elastic membrane

A

Tunica intima of veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Made up of circular smooth muscle, but thinner than an arterial vessel

A

Tunica media of veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thicker than the tunica media, occasionally made up of muscle

A

Tunica adventitia of veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The tunica media is incomplete or absent in a

-adventitia is absent and there is an occasional pericyte

A

Venule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Have no basement membrane and no blood cells in the lumen

A

Lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Lymphatic vessels are not found in the

A

CNS

27
Q

Are inherently rhythmic, i.e. they contract without nerve supply

A

Cardiac Myocytes

28
Q

Reinforces the bases of the valves and insulates the ventricles from electrical activity in the atria

-Where cardiac muscle attaches

A

Fibrous cardiac skeleton

29
Q

Atrial and ventricular myocytes have endocrine

functions, they secrete

A

Hormones

30
Q

Lower blood volume and blood pressure by promoting the excretion of salt (natriuresis) nd water by the kidneys

A

Hypotensive hormones

31
Q

In response to volume expansion, atrial myocytes lower blood pressure by secreting

A

Atrial natriuretic peptied (ANP)

32
Q

Not stored in granules in the ventricular myocytes so its production must be up-regulated before synthesis and secretion can occur

A

proBNP

33
Q

Blood levels of BNP can be used as an important diagnostic sign of

A

Congestive heart failure

34
Q

Promotes clearance of ANP and BNP

A

CNP

35
Q

All blood vessels have a

A

Tunica Intima

36
Q

Very well developed in arteries, exhibiting varying quantities of circularly arranged smooth muscle to control distribution and blood pressure and circularly arranged elastic tissue

A

Tunica Media

37
Q

Relatively thin in arteries, thicker in veins and well

developed in large veins

A

Tunica adventitia

38
Q

The blood vessels that supply larger blood vessels

-seen in the adventitia where they nourish the adventitia and outer layers of the tunica media

A

Vaso Vasorum

39
Q

Autonomic nerve fibers that innervate the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall

-found in tunica adventitia

A

Nervi vascularis

40
Q

Conserve and regulate the pressure generated by the ventricles while distributing the blood to the vascular beds

A

Arteries

41
Q

Have a great deal of elastic tissue, both fibers and

sheets (lamina) in both the intima and media

A

Large elastic arteries

42
Q

The elastic tissue in large elastic arteries are made by

the smooth muscle cells in the

A

Tunica media

43
Q

As arteries get smaller, how does the composition of their tunica media change?

A

More smooth muscle and less elastic tissue

44
Q

Responsible for the drop in arterial blood pressure before blood enters the capillary beds

A

Arterioles

45
Q

As blood passes through the arteriolar beds, arterial BP drops from 85 mmHg to

A

30mmHg

46
Q

Have an incomplete layer of smooth muscle in their
media and the smooth muscle cells are usually
arranged longitudinally

A

Metarterioles

47
Q

Controls the entrance to the capillary bed and regulates the amount of blood that enters

A

Precapillary sphincter

48
Q

Contractile stem cells found at intervals along capillaries that are capable of becoming smooth muscle, adipose, osteogenic, or chondrogenic cells

A

Pericytes

49
Q

Found on the adluminal side (toward the lumen) of the basement membrane that surrounds capillaries

A

Pericytes

50
Q

Continuous capillaries are found in

A

Muscle, CNS (blood-brain barrier), and gonads

51
Q

Forces plasma out of the capillaries and into the interstitial tissues

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

52
Q

Transcytosis via pinocytotic vesicles transports

A

Larger molecules

53
Q

As permeable as capillaries

A

Venules

54
Q

Have one to two circular layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media and a more distinct tunica adventitia that has collagen, elastic tissue, and some smooth muscle

A

Small to medium veins

55
Q

Large bundles of smooth muscle may be found in the media or adventitia of large veins that are

A

Inferior to the heart

56
Q

How can we tell large arteries and large veins with a well developed adventitia apart?

A

Arteries will have an internal elastic lamina, veins will not

57
Q

HAve a structure similar to capillaries except their basement membrane is discontinuous or missing altogether

A

Lymphatic capillaries

58
Q

About 10% of the interstitial fluid extruded at the arterial end of the a vascular bed is reabsorbed into the

A

Lymphatics

59
Q

The tunica intima and inner portion of the tunica media are nourished by

A

Diffusion from blood in the lumen

60
Q

Serve as a selective permeability barrier so that substances can be allowed to cross the endothelium to the tunica media and beyond

A

Endothelial cells

61
Q

Endothelial cells in many organs respond to various substances by producing a potent but short lived local vasodilator called

A

Nitric oxide

62
Q

Converts the vasoinactive angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor which also inactivates the vasodilator bradykinin

-contained in most endothelial cells

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

63
Q

Enable angiogenesis to occur

A

Endothelial cells

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions