Histology and Embryology Flashcards
What are Cells?
Smallest structures and functionally self contained
Cells with different functional specialization have different…
Size, shape and surface
Cell’s capacities
Excitability, Synthesis, Membrane transport and Reproduction
What’s excitability, and an example
Cell capacity to respond to stimulus, adapting to the change. Like nervous cell conducting impulses
What’s Synthesis
Cells capacity to form substances to aid in body’s function
What’s Membrane Transport
The ability to move fluids, chemical elements and compounds in and out of cells.
What’s the reproduction capacity in cells
Ability to preserve the species by giving birth to offspring
Types of junctions that can be found between cells
Desmosomes, Tight Junctions, Gap junctions and Hemidesmosomes
Desmosomes, an example
Attachment found between ameloblasts and cells in the stratified squamous epithelium that line the oral cavity.
Tight junctions and an example
Cells attach to each other by the junction of their cell membranes. Junction that can be found adjacent to odontoblast to prevent pulp substances to pass into dentin
Gap Junctions, and an example
Formed by a channel that runs between cells for electrical impulses and passage of molecules. Junctions present among some the odontoblasts
Cell’s Content
Cell membrane, organelles, inclusions and Nucleus
Cell membrane and it function
The plasma membrane is semi-permeble is a thin membrane that surrounds the cell and permit entrance or exit of substances using active, passive transport or facilitated diffusion
Cytoplasm
Homogeneous gel enclosed in the cell by the cell membrane where are enclosed all the organelles and inclusions. All metabolic activities occur in the cytoplasm
Nucleus’ Functions
Controls the synthesizing activities and store genetic information of the cell
3 types of RNA
Messenger, Transporter and Ribosomal
Inclusions
Metabolic byproducts found in cytoplasm
Lysosome’s function
Organelle responsible for the breakdown of foreign substances the are phagocytized by the cell.
Golgi complex
Organelle responsible for secreting proteins to the external environment, site of membrane formation and recycling, storage of proteins, also involved in the production of lysosomes and large carbohydrate molecules
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, provides energy by enzymatic breakdown of fats, amino acids and carbohydrates (ATP)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (has ribosomes attached) is responsible for protein synthesis, smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (no ribosomes attached) is site of steroid synthesis.
