Histology and Embryology Flashcards
What are Cells?
Smallest structures and functionally self contained
Cells with different functional specialization have different…
Size, shape and surface
Cell’s capacities
Excitability, Synthesis, Membrane transport and Reproduction
What’s excitability, and an example
Cell capacity to respond to stimulus, adapting to the change. Like nervous cell conducting impulses
What’s Synthesis
Cells capacity to form substances to aid in body’s function
What’s Membrane Transport
The ability to move fluids, chemical elements and compounds in and out of cells.
What’s the reproduction capacity in cells
Ability to preserve the species by giving birth to offspring
Types of junctions that can be found between cells
Desmosomes, Tight Junctions, Gap junctions and Hemidesmosomes
Desmosomes, an example
Attachment found between ameloblasts and cells in the stratified squamous epithelium that line the oral cavity.
Tight junctions and an example
Cells attach to each other by the junction of their cell membranes. Junction that can be found adjacent to odontoblast to prevent pulp substances to pass into dentin
Gap Junctions, and an example
Formed by a channel that runs between cells for electrical impulses and passage of molecules. Junctions present among some the odontoblasts
Cell’s Content
Cell membrane, organelles, inclusions and Nucleus
Cell membrane and it function
The plasma membrane is semi-permeble is a thin membrane that surrounds the cell and permit entrance or exit of substances using active, passive transport or facilitated diffusion
Cytoplasm
Homogeneous gel enclosed in the cell by the cell membrane where are enclosed all the organelles and inclusions. All metabolic activities occur in the cytoplasm
Nucleus’ Functions
Controls the synthesizing activities and store genetic information of the cell
3 types of RNA
Messenger, Transporter and Ribosomal
Inclusions
Metabolic byproducts found in cytoplasm
Lysosome’s function
Organelle responsible for the breakdown of foreign substances the are phagocytized by the cell.
Golgi complex
Organelle responsible for secreting proteins to the external environment, site of membrane formation and recycling, storage of proteins, also involved in the production of lysosomes and large carbohydrate molecules
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, provides energy by enzymatic breakdown of fats, amino acids and carbohydrates (ATP)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (has ribosomes attached) is responsible for protein synthesis, smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (no ribosomes attached) is site of steroid synthesis.
Centrioles
Organelle that helps the cell replication process
Types of transport through the cell membrane
Diffusion, Osmosis, Active transport, Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a membrane, the substance go from a regions of high concentration to a region with low concentration
Osmosis
Movement of water through the semi-permeble membrane, the water go in the directions of the region with high concentration
Isotonic Solution
Solution that placed outside the cell would not cause osmosis
Hypertonic Solution
Solution that when placed outside the cell would cause osmosis out of the cell
Hypotonic Solution
Solution that when placed outside of the cell would cause osmosis into the cell
Active transport and an example
Used to transport substances against its concentration gradient, uses ATP. Sodium pump, importante of the nerve impulses transmission
Phagocytosis
Cell wall invaginates around the particle
Pinocytosis
Cell wall invaginates around a fluid
Mitosis
Process of cell replication of a cell
Where does the dental tissues are produced
In secretory cells that require a high amount of energy
Which organelle is associated with calcification process that occurs in dental tissues?
Mitochondria
Tissue components
Cells, intercellular substance and tissue fluid
Intercelular substance
Medium for the passage of nutrients and waste within the tissues
Tissue Fluid
Blood plasma that diffuses through capillary wall
4 Types of tissues in the human body
Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Nerve tissue and muscle tissue
When we talk about Dentin, Pulp, Periodontal ligament and Cementum; which of these have innervations?
Pulp and Periodontal ligament
The only sensation that unmyelinated nerve endings can provide is…
Pain
nonsuccedaneous second molars come from buds that grow from the…
primary molar’s dental lamina
Angled part of the ameloblast that secrete enamel matrix…
Tomes’ Process
The Mucobuccal fold is between the…
labial or bucal mucosa and the alveolar mucosa
Which stage of formation occurs for the primary dentition in the 11th and 12th week of prenatal development?
The bell stage of development
the connective tissue that is formed during the 3rd week of prenatal development is the
Mesoderm
Which stage of formation occurs for the primary dentition in the 6th to 7th week of prenatal development?
Initiation Stage
Which stage of formation occurs for the primary dentition in the 8th week of prenatal development?
Bud Stage
Which stage of formation occurs for the primary dentition in the 9th to 10th week of prenatal development?
Cap Stage
Hard tissues such as enamel and dentin are secreted in successive layers. Which prenatal development stage are we talking about?
Apposition Stage
- Hard tissues fully mineralize.
- The tooth reaches its final hardness and structure.
- Continues postnatally.
Which prenatal development stage are we talking about?
Maturation Stage
In a certain Stage of prenatal development:
Differentiation of cells occurs:
*Inner enamel epithelium (IEE)
*Outer enamel epithelium (OEE)
*Stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium
and
The dental papilla cells start differentiating into odontoblasts;
What stage are we talking about?
Bell Stage
In bell stage occurs the differentiation of cells into…
Inner enamel epithelium, Outer enamel epithelium and Stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium
The dental papillar cells start differentiating into odontoblasts in which prenatal dental development stage?
Bell stage
