Head and neck Anatomy Flashcards
In body nomenclature, what does “anterior” refers to?
Structures that are towards the front of the body
In body nomenclature, what does “posterior” refers to?
Structures that are towards the back of the body
In body nomenclature, what does “median” refers to?
Structures located in the middle of the body or towards it
In body nomenclature, what does “lateral” refers to?
Structures away from the mid line of the body / in the outer side of it
What does it mean when you have structures “contralateral” to each other?
It means that both are in opposite sides of the body
Superficial, in body nomenclature
Structure located towards the surface
Deep, in body nomenclature
Structure located away from the body’s surface
Proximal, in body nomenclature
Structure, in a limb, closer to the body trunk
Distal, in body nomenclature
Structure, in a limb, farther from the body trunk
Superior or Cranial, in Body Nomenclature
Structures that are towards the head
Inferior or caudal, in body nomenclature
Structures away from the head
Apex, in body nomenclature
Tip of a conical structure
What’s Osteology?
Study of Bones
How bones can be classified?
In basis of shape, pattern of development, region or by its structure
Function of bones
Support, protection, enables movement, reservoir for mineral storage and it’s involved in blood cell formation
The 3 types of bone cells
Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
Intramembranous Ossification
Ossification process that create bone with no cartilage, they start as a membrane of collagen and blood vessels. An example is the flat bones of the skull
Endochondral ossification, give 1 example
Ossification where cartilage is present and it’s gradually replaced by bone. An example is the long bones
Cartilage
Non-calcified, avascular, flexible connective tissue.
The 3 types of cartilage
Hyaline, Elastic and Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage’s description
Precursor to bone, facilitates movement at joints
Fibrocartilage’s description
Strongest type, contains collagen fibers in the matrix, provides rigidity. An example it’s the paravertebral discs
Elastic cartilage’s description
Contains elastic fibers in the matrix, provides support and gives shape. An example is the external ear
Condyle?
Rounded articular process
Tuberosity?
Large rounded process on the surface of the bone
Tubercle or Eminence?
small rounded process on the surface of the bone
Arch?
Bridge-like bone structure
Cornu?
Horn-like proeminence
Crest?
Prominent Ridge on a bone
Spine?
Sharp projection, higher than a Crest
Notch?
Indentation on the edge of a bone
What is a Sulcus and what it usually accommodates?
Channel-like depression in bone, usually accommodate blood vessel, nerve or tendon
Fossa?
Deeper depression base-like, can be a rest area for articulating bone or muscle attachment
Sinus?
Cavity within a bone
Foramen?
round opening in the bone
Canal?
Longer tube-like opening in the bone
Meatus?
Type of canal within the bone
Fissure?
Narrow opening between adjacents parts of bones for blood vessels and nerves
What is a Joint and it’s classified by what
Articulation, classified by the amount of movement that it allows
Sutures?
Fibrous joints, immovable
