Anatomy Flashcards
Levels of Organization
Chemical, Organelle, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System and Organism Level
Plane of the body that divides the superior from the inferior part
Transverse Plane
Plane of the body that divides the anterior from the posterior part
Coronal Plane
Plane of the body that divides the left from the right part
Sagittal Plane
Body cavities
Dorsal Cavity and Ventral cavity
Two parts of the Dorsal Cavity
Cranial Cavity and Vertebral cavity
Two parts of Ventral Cavity
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavity
3 parts of the Thoracic cavity and what it contains
Pericardial cavity (heart), Pleural cavities (Lungs) and Mediastinum (Soft tissue between pleural cavities)
2 parts of abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity and Pelvic cavity
What abdominal cavity contains
Esophagus, Stomach, Spleen, Liver, gallbladder, Small Intestine and most of the large intestine
Functions of Integumentary system
Regulation of body temperature, protection, sensation, excretion, immunity and synthesis of vitamin D
Parts of Integumentary system
Epidermis and Dermis
What is epidermis and what is it composition
Outer portion of keratin stratified squamous epithelium. It’s made of keratin, melanin, langerhans cells ans merkel cells.
What is dermis and what is it composition
Deeper thicker dense connective tissue. It’s made of collagen and elastic fibers that give skin it elasticity and nerve endings
What skeletal system is made of
Bones, cartilages, tendons and ligaments
Functions of the skeletal system
Support, protection, reservoir for calcium, blood cell formation and it’s basis for muscle attachment
Types of Bones
Long, short, flat, Irregular and sutural bones
Bone Tissue composition
Calcified extracelular components, Inorganic salts and Organic matrix which is made of ground substance.
Compact and cancellous bones microstructures differences
Compact bones are made of Osteons, Cancellous bones have no osteons and are made of trabeculae.
Which part of the bone the blood cells are made
Bone marrow provides blood supply to the bone.
Types of bone cells
Osteoblasts (Bone forming cells), Osteoclasts (Destroy bone matrix) and Osteocytes (Mature bone cells)
What is the Myeloid tissue
Tissue in the Bone marrow that is a site for production of blood cells
Two types of marrow
Red Marrow (produces blood cells), Yellow Marrow (marrow that became saturated with fat, doesn’t procuce blood cells anymore).
How the Skeleton helps to regulate calcium cells and why is it so important
Skeletal serves as a reservoir that contains 98 % of calcium of the body, It’s importante because calcium is essential to transmission of nerve impulses, maintenance of skeletal and the cardiac muscle contraction
Division of the Skeleton types
Axial Skeleton (Bones in head, neck and torso), Appendicular skeleton (bones that makes the appendages to the axial skeleton)
Main parts of the Axial skeleton
Skull, Vertebrae Column, Ribs, Sternum
Bones of the Vertebrae Column and types
Vertebrae (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar) Sacrum and Coccyx
What is the sternum and its parts
Bone in the middle of the chest made of manubrium, body and Xiphoid process
Ribs, How much of each type
7 true ribs, 3 false ribs and 2 floating ribs
Bones of the upper extremity of the appendicular skeleton
Shoulder girdle, scapula, clavicle, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpal Bones, Metacarpal bones and Phalanges
Bones of the lower extremity of the appendicular skeleton
Sacrum, Ilium, ischium, pubis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, Tarsus, talus, cuneiform, cuboid and navicular
Classification of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous or sinovial
What is a fibrous joint and its 3 types
It holds bones together by fibrous connective tissue. Syndesmoses, Sutures and Gomphoses.
What is a Cartilaginous joint
Is when bones are held together by cartilage.
