Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 - Principles > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are organelles?

A

Membrane bound proteins that are essential for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are inclusions?

A

Proteins that are not membrane bound and non-essential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are embedded in the cell membrane?

A

Integral, peripheral and transverse proteins

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between euchromatic and heterochromatic nuclei?

A

Euchromatic - dispersed, actively transcribed

Heterochromatic - condensed, not actively transcribed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the other term for tight/occluding junctions?

A

Zonula occludens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of tight/occluding junctions?

A

Barrier that prevents diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of anchoring junctions?

A

Anchor epithelial cells to the space they’re meant to be in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of zonula adherens?

A

Anchoring junctions that link actin bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of macula adherens?

A

Desmosomes -link intermediate filaments of adjacent cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of communicating/gap junctions?

A

Selective diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of where gap junctions are important?

A

Smooth muscle for excitation spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main staining called?

A

Haematoxylin and Eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do H&E stain, and what colour do they stain them?

A

Haemotoxylin - stains acids purple/blue

Eosin - stains bases pink/red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the functions of epithelium?

A

Barrier
Absorption/secretion
Containment
Locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the subclasses of epithelium shape?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are at the subclasses of epithelial organisation?

A

Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine secretes into a vessel

Exocrine secretes into everything else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue?

A

Soft and hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cells are present in the connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts
Adipose
Osteocytes
Chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the types of soft connective tissue?

A

Loose
Dense regular
Dense irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does hard connective tissue make up?

A

Cartilage

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the different types of muscle?

A

Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac

23
Q

What is the structure of smooth muscle?

A

No striation
Involuntary
Vascular

24
Q

What is the structure of skeletal muscle?

A

Striated
Voluntary
Multi-nucleated

25
Q

What is the structure of cardiac muscle?

A

Striated
Single nucleus
Intercalated discs at cell-cell attachments

26
Q

What do nerves consist of?

A

Neurones + glia surrounded by meninges or epineurium

27
Q

What are glia?

A

Neuron support cells

28
Q

What are the different types of nerves, and what are their structures?

A

Multipolar - many dendrites, one axon
Bipolar - one dendrite, one axon
Pseudo-unipolar -short process gives rise to axon in both directions

29
Q

What is the order of the layers of blood vessels, from innermost to outermost?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

30
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the layers of blood vessels?

A

Intima - simple squamous epithelium
Media - smooth muscle
Adventitia - connective tissue

31
Q

What separates the layers of blood vessels?

A

Internal and external elastic membrane

32
Q

What are elastic arteries?

A

Larger arteries where a significant amount of smooth muscle has been replaced by elastic fibres

33
Q

What are the subtypes of capillaries, and examples of when they are used?

A

Continuous (muscle, nerve lung, skin)
Fenestrated (gut, mucosa, kidney)
Discontinuous/sinusoidal (liver, spleen)

34
Q

What is the flow of blood in capillaries controlled by?

A

Pre-capillary sphincters

35
Q

How does the adventitia and media of veins compare to arteries?

A

Veins have thicker adventitia and less smooth muscle in media

36
Q

Do small or large veins have valves?

A

Small

37
Q

45% of blood is plasma, true or false?

A

False - 55%

38
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

Water (90%)
Nutrients and salt
Proteins

39
Q

What are the categories of blood cells?

A

RBCs
WBCs
Platelets

40
Q

What is an example of red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

41
Q

What are the two categories of WBCs?

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

42
Q

Which WBCs are granulocytes and which are agranulocytes?

A

Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranulocytes: monocytes and macrophages, lymphocytes

43
Q

How are platelets produced?

A

By megakaryocytes in bone marrow

44
Q

Do platelets have a nucleus?

A

No

45
Q

What do neutrophils look like?

A

Prominent, multi-lobed nuclei
Don’t stain well
Granules

46
Q

What do eosinophils look like?

A

Bi-lobed nucleus
Stain pink
Granules

47
Q

What do basophils look like?

A

Bi-lobed nucleus, but can be obscured by granules

Stain purple

48
Q

What do monocytes look like?

A

Kidney bean nucleus

Stain purple

49
Q

What do lymphocytes look like>

A

Large round nucleus

Thin cytoplasm

50
Q

What is the function of neutrophils and where do they reside?

A

Circle inactivated until inflammation stimulates entry into tissue
If not circulating - reside in specific portion of bone marrow

51
Q

Where do eosinophils reside?

A

Circulate for 8-12 hours then reside in spleen, lymph nodes, GI tract and other tissues

52
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Release granules which induce/maintain inflammation in allergic reactions, asthma and parasitic infection

53
Q

Which WBC have high affinity IgE receptors?

A

Basophils

54
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Precursors of macrophages

Y1 - Principles (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions