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Y1 - Principles > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the spermatogenesis cycle?

A

Approx 53 days

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2
Q

When does oogenesis begin?

A

28th-30th week of gestation

Then arrest in prophase until puberty

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3
Q

Where does fertilisation typically occur?

A

Ampulla

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4
Q

What do sperm and oocyte form when they fuse?

A

Zygote

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5
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Single cell diploid embryo

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6
Q

What is the process of fertilisation?

A

Sperm binds to zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 and releases acrosomal enzymes
Egg and sperm membranes fuse and sperm contents enter the egg
Oocyte completes meiosis II
Release of cortical granules by oocyte makes zona pellucid impenetrable to other sperm

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7
Q

When is cleavage?

A

Day 1-3

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8
Q

What is cleavage?

A

Rapid mitotic division without increase in size as it is confined within the zona pellucida

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9
Q

What is a morula?

A

16+ cells

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10
Q

What is a blastocyte?

A

200-300 cells

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11
Q

What is the trophoblast?

A

The outer layer of cells held together by gap junctions

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12
Q

Where does an embryo implant?

A

Endometrial lining on the posterior or anterior uterine wall

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13
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy?

A

Embryo implants somewhere other than uterine wall

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14
Q

What are the two layers of a bilaminar embryo?

A

Epiblast

Hypoblast

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15
Q

What does the trophoblast divide into?

A

Cytotrophoblast

Synctiotrophoblast

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16
Q

What do the epiblast and hypoblast turn into next?

A

Epiblast - amniotic cavity

Hypoblast - primitive yolk sac

17
Q

How does uteroplacental circulation form?

A

Vacuoles appear and unite in the synctiotrophoblast to form lacunae
Maternal blood flows into lacunae and diffuses into embryoblast

18
Q

How is the chorionic cavity formed?

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm forms and degenerates to form chorionic cavity

19
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

Process by which epiblast cells move through the primitive streak between epiblasts and definitive endoderm to form 3 primary germ layers

20
Q

When does gastrulation take place?

A

Week 3

21
Q

What are the three primary germ layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

22
Q

How do the three germ layers form?

A

In the caudal end of the bilaminal embryo a pit forms and extends to form a groove (primitive streak)
During invagination epiblast cells are displaced and move through this groove into a layer under the embryo, displacing hypoblast cells to form a definitive endoderm
Some epiblasts remain in the layer between the epiblast (ectoderm) and the new definitive endoderm forming a 3rd layer - the mesoderm

23
Q

What structures does the ectoderm form?

A

Skin epidermis

Nervous system

24
Q

What structures does the mesoderm form?

A

Skeleton
Smooth muscles
Visceral and parietal linings

25
Q

What structures does the endoderm form?

A

Gut
Respiratory tract
Bladder
Urethral lining

26
Q

What is superior in embryological terms?

A

Cranial

27
Q

What is inferior in embryological terms?

A

Caudal

28
Q

What is anterior in embryological terms?

A

Ventral

29
Q

What is posterior in embryological terms?

A

Dorsal

Y1 - Principles (11 decks)

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