Histology

Question 1

name the 3 types of muscle

Answer 1

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 2

name the 3 types of skeletal muscle

Answer 2

striated
unbranched
multinucleated

Question 3

where are the nuclei located in skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

periphery

Question 4

name the the fine transparent tubular sheath which envelops the fibres of skeletal muscles

Answer 4

sarcolemma

Question 5

muscles are grouped into bundles called __________

Answer 5

muscles are grouped into bundles called FASCICLES

Question 6

name the following:

(a) connective tissue around the whole muscle
(b) connective tissue around a single fascicle
(c) connective tissue around a single muscle fibre

Answer 6

(a) EPIMYSIUM - connective tissue around the whole muscle
(b) PERIMYSIUM - connective tissue around a single fascicle
(c) ENDOMYSIUM - connective tissue around a single muscle fibre

Question 7

name the unit of contraction

Answer 7

sarcomere

Question 8

thousands of sarcomeres are placed end-to-end to form a what?

Answer 8

myofibril

Question 9

many myofibrils make up a what?

Answer 9

muscle fibre

Question 10

sarcomeres extend form one _ line to the next

Answer 10

sarcomeres extend form one Z line to the next

Question 11

what is a motor unit?

Answer 11

one motor neurone and all the muscle fibres that it innervates

Question 12

the fewer number of muscle fibres that a motor unit innervates = ???

Answer 12

few muscle fibres = finer the control

Question 13

name the special type of synapse in a motor neurone

Answer 13

neuromuscular junction

Question 14

name the 3 types of skeletal muscle

Answer 14

type I
type IIA
type IIB

Question 15

name the muscle fibre:

fast contracting – anaerobic metabolism – fast fatigue – great force – white

Answer 15

type IIB

Question 16

name the muscle fibre:

slow contracting – resistant to fatigue – produce less force - red

Answer 16

type I

Question 17

name the muscle fibre:

intermediate – fast contracting – resistant to fatigue - uncommon

Answer 17

type IIA

Question 18

name the cells found in cartilage

Answer 18

chondrocytes

Question 19

where do chondrocytes live?

Answer 19

lacuna

space in the extracellular matrix

Question 20

what type of collagen is found in cartilage?

Answer 20

type II

Question 21

major component of cartilage?

Answer 21

water

Question 22

name the 3 types of cartilage

Answer 22

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

Question 23

what is the common blue-white cartilage?

Answer 23

hyaline

Question 24

what is the yellow, flexible cartilage?

Answer 24

elastic

Question 25

what is the hybrid cartilage that is white and made of type I collagen?

Answer 25

fibrocartilage

Question 26

95% of the bodies calcium is found where?

Answer 26

bone

Question 27

bone is 65% what?

Answer 27

bioapetite

Question 28

name the 3 types of bone

Answer 28

cortical and trabecular/cancellous woven bone is put down after a break - haphazard and not as strong that is eventually replaced by lamellar bone

Question 29

what bone is dense and makes up the outer shell of bone?

Answer 29

cortical bone

Question 30

where is trabecular bone found?

Answer 30

ends of bone - epiphyses

Question 31

name the living cells found in bone

Answer 31

osteocytes

Question 32

what does an osteon circulate?

Answer 32

a haversion canal

Question 33

name the visible lines that surround an osteon

Answer 33

cement lines

Question 34

what do trabecular bones lack?

Answer 34

hersian canals

Question 35

name the 4 bones cells

Answer 35

osteoprogenitor cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes and osteoblasts

Question 36

name the bone cell: developing bone, RER and mitochondria

Answer 36

osteoblasts

Question 37

name the bone cell: cell trapped in a matrix

Answer 37

osteocytes

Question 38

name the bone cell: bone surface – pool of reserve osteoblasts

Answer 38

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 39

name the bone cell: large, multinucleated, bone resorption

Answer 39

osteoclasts

Question 40

what are the secretions of osteoblasts termed?

Answer 40

osteoid