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NBDE part 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the following happen?
transcripton
replication
translation

A

nucleus
nucleus
cytoplasm

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2
Q

…. and …. cells can be multinuclear and are peripheral in location

A

osteoclasts

skeletal muscle

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3
Q

… are the only cells in the body that are anuclear

A

RBCs

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4
Q

… , … and … are binuclear

A

hepatocytes, cardiac muscle and epithelial cells of urinary tract

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5
Q

transcription is … to …

A

DNA

mRNA

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6
Q

translation is … to …

A

mRNA

protein

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7
Q

Drugs that can bind to ribosomes and stop protein synthesis:

Buy AT 30
CEL at 50

A

aminoglycoside tetracycline

chloramphenicol
erythromyosin
lincomyocin

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8
Q

what is the sequence for proteins exported out of the cell?

A

ribosomes bound to rough ER, golgi, lysosome

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9
Q

are ribosomes bound or free floating?

A

both. free floating are for the cell and bound are going to be exported

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10
Q

what does the smooth ER do in the adrenal cortex

A

steroid production

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11
Q

what does the smooth ER do in the liver

A

detoxify lipid soluble drugs

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12
Q

what does smooth ER do in muscle cells

A

sER here is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. it sequesters and controls release of calcium

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13
Q

does the mitochondria have a lipid bilayer

A

yes x2 (double lipid bilayer)

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14
Q

mitochondrial DNA is transmitted through …

A

maternal inheritance

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15
Q

what is the core of microvilli?

A

microfilaments

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16
Q

microtubules are for…

A

motility

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17
Q

…. are channels that allow rapid communication, play important role in cardiac and nervous cells

A

gap junctions

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18
Q

…. are at the surface and they do not allow particles to go between cells which forces them to go through the cell

A

tight junctions (zonula occludens)

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19
Q

hemidesmosomes always connect to the ….

does it provide support between cells?

A

basement membrane

no

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20
Q

… provide structural support between cells and it is accomplished by tonofilaments and a mucoprotein substance

A

adherens junctions

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21
Q

adherens junctions are made up of …. and ….

A

zonula adherens

macular adherens (desomosome)

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22
Q

are the epithelium and basement membrane avascular or vascular?

A

avascular

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23
Q

functions of the 3 simple epithelium cell types

A

Secretion (cuboidal)
Absorption (columnar)
Diffusion (squamous)

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24
Q

…. is the type of epithelium found in the respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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25
.... epithelium is present in the bladder
transitional
26
3 mechanisms of secretion of exocrine glands which one is the only one that does exocytosis'?
1. holocrine- whole cell 2. apacrine- a piece of cell 3. merocrine- most common- exocytosis
27
T3 and T4 are produced by the ... cells
follicular (cuboidal) in the thyroid
28
Parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland produce ?
calcitonin
29
calcitonin fxn?
decrease serum calcium inhibits osteoclast activity
30
what is the largest region of the anterior pituitary?
pars distalis
31
the anterior pituitary is formed from tissue in the .... pinching off and fusing with the hypothalamus
roof of the mouth (rathkes pouch)
32
which hormones of the anterior pituitary are produced by basophils
``` Base+ FLAT FSH LH ACTH TSH ```
33
which hormones of the anterior pituitary are produced by acidophils
PIG Prolactin GH
34
where are ADH and oxytocin produced?
hypothalamus
35
the posterior pituitary originated from the floor of the .... and remains ...
diencephalon attached to the hypothalamus
36
the posterior pituitary DOES NOT.... but it is responsible for ...
produce hormones storage and release
37
mesenchyme - | mesoderm-
blood vessels/bone | muscles
38
fibroblasts are a signature cell of .... and they are inhibited by...
connective tissue steroids
39
active fibroblasts are characterized by an abundance of ...
RER
40
when a monocyte in the blood goes to connective tissue, it is now a
macrophage
41
macrophages of the brain? | macrophages of the liver?
microglia | kupffer
42
what disease damages pericytes?
diabetes
43
pericyte fxn?
stabilizing role in maintaining blood flow through capillary walls
44
what is the predominant fiber in CT and the most abundant protein in the body?
collagen
45
collagen = ....
glycine+ x + y x is usually proline y is usually lysine
46
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, .... charged polysaccharides that contain a core of ....
disaccharide repeating units
47
hyaluronic acid is a .... but NOT a ....
glycosaminoglycan proteoglycan
48
hyaluronic acid is a unique GAG because it does not contain .... and it is not found bound to a
sulfate protein
49
complement proteins and albumin are made by the
liver
50
poor.... can lead to decreased serum albumin
nutrition
51
lifespan of a RBC and where is it recycled?
120 days | spleen
52
which WBCs are granulocytes
BEN basophils eosinophils neutrophils
53
most common to least common WBCs
``` Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils ```
54
basophils increase .... and they are NOT ....
vascular permeability phagocytic
55
are eosinophils and neutrophils phagocytic?
yes
56
platelets produce
thromboplastin
57
... cartilage is the most common cartilage in the embryo and adults
hyalin
58
the primary collagen type in cartilage is type
2
59
primary GAG in cartilage
chondroitin sulfate
60
hyaline cartilage differs from bone because it can undergo ... growth
interstitial
61
where are APs generated
axon hillock
62
propagation of an AP is usually unidirectional and follows this sequence
dendrite, cell body, axon
63
... produce myelin in the CNS and their processes extend to wrap around...
oligodendrocytes multiple axons
64
.... produce myelin in the PNS and these cells can only provide myelin for...
schwann cells one axon
65
schwann cells are encased in a glycoprotein basement membrane called the .... which allows for nerve regeneration
neurilemma
66
... is the most dominant layer in arteries
tunica media
67
.... is the most dominant layer in veins
tunica adventitia
68
the ... is returning most of the lymph back to the blood on the left side
thoracic duct
69
the layers of the epidermis
Can Lucy Give Some Blood ``` Corneum Lucidum (thick skin only) Granulosum Spinosum Basale ```
70
what layers of the epidermis will you see keratohyaline?
granulosum | but begins in spinosum
71
SCC happens in the stratum ... and BCC happens in the stratum ...
spinosum | basale
72
melanocytes are found in the stratum ...
basale
73
the dermis is highly ... and contains ...
vascularized | open ended nerve endings
74
the hypodermis contains ... tissue which provides ... and also contains ...
adipose tissue insulation sebaceous glands, hair follicles
75
thymus location and function
mediastinum (behind sternum) | maturation if T cells
76
location of spleen
behind stomach in ULQ of abdomen
77
alveoli are lined with simple squamous .... which are responsible for gas exchange
type 1 pneumocytes
78
type 1 pneumocytes cannot
regenerate
79
type 2 cells in alveoli produce
surfactant
80
in the GI system, what layer is meisseners plexus located in?
submucosa
81
in the GI system, what layer is auerbachs plexus located in?
muscular externa
82
in the stomach, parietal cells secrete... and ...
HCl | intrinsic factor
83
in the stomach, G cells secrete .... and this stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl and chief cells to secrete pepsionogen
Gastrin
84
in the stomach, chief cells secrete ...
pepsinogen
85
the liver is divided into L and R lobes by the
falciform ligament

NBDE part 1 (9 decks)

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