Histology Flashcards
Where do the following happen?
transcripton
replication
translation
nucleus
nucleus
cytoplasm
…. and …. cells can be multinuclear and are peripheral in location
osteoclasts
skeletal muscle
… are the only cells in the body that are anuclear
RBCs
… , … and … are binuclear
hepatocytes, cardiac muscle and epithelial cells of urinary tract
transcription is … to …
DNA
mRNA
translation is … to …
mRNA
protein
Drugs that can bind to ribosomes and stop protein synthesis:
Buy AT 30
CEL at 50
aminoglycoside tetracycline
chloramphenicol
erythromyosin
lincomyocin
what is the sequence for proteins exported out of the cell?
ribosomes bound to rough ER, golgi, lysosome
are ribosomes bound or free floating?
both. free floating are for the cell and bound are going to be exported
what does the smooth ER do in the adrenal cortex
steroid production
what does the smooth ER do in the liver
detoxify lipid soluble drugs
what does smooth ER do in muscle cells
sER here is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. it sequesters and controls release of calcium
does the mitochondria have a lipid bilayer
yes x2 (double lipid bilayer)
mitochondrial DNA is transmitted through …
maternal inheritance
what is the core of microvilli?
microfilaments
microtubules are for…
motility
…. are channels that allow rapid communication, play important role in cardiac and nervous cells
gap junctions
…. are at the surface and they do not allow particles to go between cells which forces them to go through the cell
tight junctions (zonula occludens)
hemidesmosomes always connect to the ….
does it provide support between cells?
basement membrane
no
… provide structural support between cells and it is accomplished by tonofilaments and a mucoprotein substance
adherens junctions
adherens junctions are made up of …. and ….
zonula adherens
macular adherens (desomosome)
are the epithelium and basement membrane avascular or vascular?
avascular
functions of the 3 simple epithelium cell types
Secretion (cuboidal)
Absorption (columnar)
Diffusion (squamous)
…. is the type of epithelium found in the respiratory tract
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
…. epithelium is present in the bladder
transitional
3 mechanisms of secretion of exocrine glands
which one is the only one that does exocytosis’?
- holocrine- whole cell
- apacrine- a piece of cell
- merocrine- most common- exocytosis
T3 and T4 are produced by the … cells
follicular (cuboidal) in the thyroid
Parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland produce ?
calcitonin
calcitonin fxn?
decrease serum calcium
inhibits osteoclast activity
what is the largest region of the anterior pituitary?
pars distalis
the anterior pituitary is formed from tissue in the …. pinching off and fusing with the hypothalamus
roof of the mouth (rathkes pouch)
which hormones of the anterior pituitary are produced by basophils
Base+ FLAT FSH LH ACTH TSH
which hormones of the anterior pituitary are produced by acidophils
PIG
Prolactin
GH
where are ADH and oxytocin produced?
hypothalamus
the posterior pituitary originated from the floor of the …. and remains …
diencephalon
attached to the hypothalamus
the posterior pituitary DOES NOT…. but it is responsible for …
produce hormones
storage and release
mesenchyme -
mesoderm-
blood vessels/bone
muscles
fibroblasts are a signature cell of …. and they are inhibited by…
connective tissue
steroids
active fibroblasts are characterized by an abundance of …
RER
when a monocyte in the blood goes to connective tissue, it is now a
macrophage
macrophages of the brain?
macrophages of the liver?
microglia
kupffer
what disease damages pericytes?
diabetes
pericyte fxn?
stabilizing role in maintaining blood flow through capillary walls
what is the predominant fiber in CT and the most abundant protein in the body?
collagen
collagen = ….
glycine+ x + y
x is usually proline
y is usually lysine
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, …. charged polysaccharides that contain a core of ….
disaccharide repeating units
hyaluronic acid is a …. but NOT a ….
glycosaminoglycan
proteoglycan
hyaluronic acid is a unique GAG because it does not contain …. and it is not found bound to a
sulfate
protein
complement proteins and albumin are made by the
liver
poor…. can lead to decreased serum albumin
nutrition
lifespan of a RBC and where is it recycled?
120 days
spleen
which WBCs are granulocytes
BEN
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils
most common to least common WBCs
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
basophils increase …. and they are NOT ….
vascular permeability
phagocytic
are eosinophils and neutrophils phagocytic?
yes
platelets produce
thromboplastin
… cartilage is the most common cartilage in the embryo and adults
hyalin
the primary collagen type in cartilage is type
2
primary GAG in cartilage
chondroitin sulfate
hyaline cartilage differs from bone because it can undergo … growth
interstitial
where are APs generated
axon hillock
propagation of an AP is usually unidirectional and follows this sequence
dendrite, cell body, axon
… produce myelin in the CNS and their processes extend to wrap around…
oligodendrocytes
multiple axons
…. produce myelin in the PNS and these cells can only provide myelin for…
schwann cells
one axon
schwann cells are encased in a glycoprotein basement membrane called the …. which allows for nerve regeneration
neurilemma
… is the most dominant layer in arteries
tunica media
…. is the most dominant layer in veins
tunica adventitia
the … is returning most of the lymph back to the blood on the left side
thoracic duct
the layers of the epidermis
Can Lucy Give Some Blood
Corneum Lucidum (thick skin only) Granulosum Spinosum Basale
what layers of the epidermis will you see keratohyaline?
granulosum
but begins in spinosum
SCC happens in the stratum … and BCC happens in the stratum …
spinosum
basale
melanocytes are found in the stratum …
basale
the dermis is highly … and contains …
vascularized
open ended nerve endings
the hypodermis contains … tissue which provides … and also contains …
adipose tissue
insulation
sebaceous glands, hair follicles
thymus location and function
mediastinum (behind sternum)
maturation if T cells
location of spleen
behind stomach in ULQ of abdomen
alveoli are lined with simple squamous …. which are responsible for gas exchange
type 1 pneumocytes
type 1 pneumocytes cannot
regenerate
type 2 cells in alveoli produce
surfactant
in the GI system, what layer is meisseners plexus located in?
submucosa
in the GI system, what layer is auerbachs plexus located in?
muscular externa
in the stomach, parietal cells secrete… and …
HCl
intrinsic factor
in the stomach, G cells secrete …. and this stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl and chief cells to secrete pepsionogen
Gastrin
in the stomach, chief cells secrete …
pepsinogen
the liver is divided into L and R lobes by the
falciform ligament
