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Anatomy Test 4 > histology 6- integumentary system > Flashcards

histology 6- integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

List the components of the integumentary system.

Integumentary System

A
  • Skin

- Accessory structures/Epidermal derivatives

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2
Q

Accessory structures/Epidermal derivatives

A
  • Sebaceous (oil) glands
  • Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
  • Hair
  • Nails
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3
Q

List and describe the major functions of the integumentary system. Functions of Integument

A
  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Temperature Regulation
  • Metabolic Waste Elimination
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4
Q

two layers of the skin

A

epidermis

dermis

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5
Q

epidermis

A
  • superficial
  • ectoderm derived
  • keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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6
Q

dermis

A
  • deep
  • mesoderm derived
  • CT
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7
Q

deep to the dermis is what

A
  • Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Layer/Superficial fascia

- Adipose Tissue

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8
Q

thicker skin has a thicker layer of what compared to thin skin

A

superficial keratin

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9
Q

process of keratinizatoin

A
  • Cell flattens, dies
  • keratohyalin granules appear in granular cells
  • water barrier separates keratinized cells from precursors
  • New keratinized cells pH = 6.8-7.5
  • Most superficial keratinized cells pH = 4.5-5.3
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10
Q

List, identify, and describe the different layers of keratinocytes in the epidermis.

A

-Basal Cell → Spinous Cell → Granular cell → Keratinized cell

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11
Q

4 cells found in epidermis

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhans cells
  • Merkel cells
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12
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  • provide a mechanical and chemical barrier against environmental damage
  • pathogens, heat, UV radiation, water loss
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13
Q

Melanocytes

A

-melanin-producing cells in stratum basale

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14
Q

Langerhans cells

A
  • dendritic cells (antigen-presenting immune cells) most prominent in s. spinosum (found in all layers)
  • take up and process microbial antigens during skin infections
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15
Q

Merkel cells

A

-touch receptors, fine spatial details (exact function is still unsure)

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16
Q

5 layers of the epidermis

A

supferficial->Deep

  1. stratum cornea
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum basale
17
Q

stratum cornea

A

-25-30 rows of dead, flat keratinocytes (just bags o’ keratin at this point)

18
Q

stratum lucidum

A
  • present only in fingertips, palms, and soles of feet (thick skin)
  • 3-5 rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin
19
Q

stratum granulosum

A
  • 3-5 rows of flattened keratinocytes
  • organelles begin disintegrating
  • Contains:
    • Keratohyalin (converts tonofilaments to keratin)
    • Lamellar granules (releases a lipid-rich, water-repellent secretion)
20
Q

stratum spinosum

A
  • 8-10 rows of many-sided keratinocytes with bundles of tonofilaments
  • includes projections of melanocytes and Langerhans cells
21
Q

stratum basale

A
  • single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes with scattered tonofilaments
  • stem cells that differentiate into keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells.
22
Q

layers of the dermis

A

papillary layer

reticular layer

23
Q

papillary layer…type of CT

A
  • superficial, loose (areolar) CT
  • contains dermal papillae that house capillaries, corpuscles, and free nerve endings
  • also provides mechanical stability to epidermis (no sliding between layers)
24
Q

reticular layer….type of CT…consists of what kinds of fibers

A
  • deep 4/5 of dermis, dense irregular CT
  • bundles of collagen & coarse elastin fibers
  • spaces between fibers house adipose cells, hair follicles, sebaceous & sudoriferous glands
25
Q

Describe and identify Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles. What type of stimulus activates each?

A
  1. Meissner (tactile) Corpuscles
    - light touch, tactile, sensitive (feather grazing skin)
    - superficial
    - horizontal layers in a papilla
  2. Pacinian (lamellar) Corpuscles
    - heavy touch (pressure)
    - deep
    - ovoid rings around concentric central cavity
26
Q

parts of hair and follicle

A

hair

  • medulla
  • cortex
  • cuticle of hair (pigment

follicle

  • internal root sheath in contact with hair
  • external root sheath
  • glassy sheah most superficial in contact with epidermis/dermis
27
Q

Hair follicle anchored by _______ of root and _______ in middle of bottom

A

bulbous shape, dermal papilla

28
Q

sections of the nails

A

nail plate
lunula
nail bed
free margin

29
Q

nail plate

A

toughened keratin “nail”

30
Q

lunula

A

white half-moon near nail root, most visible on thumb

31
Q

nail bed

A

-skin beneath nail plate

32
Q

free margin

A

nail at fingertip not attached to nail bed

33
Q

arrector pili muscles. What type of muscle tissue? What innervates these? What is their function?

A
  • smooth muscle
  • innervated by autonomic nervous system
  • function in hairy mammals: elevate hair follicles and provide air space between hairs for insulation
  • function in humans: goosebumps (kind of vestigial/useless)
34
Q

Sebaceous glands (oil)

A
  • branched acinar gland
  • found everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet
  • lubricates hair follicles with oils/waxes/cell fragment secretion called sebum
35
Q

Sudoriferous glands (sweat)

A

-exocytosis of sweat
-two types
eccrine sweat gland
apocrine sweat gland

36
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A
  • found throughout skin in deep dermis to surface of epidermis from birth
  • less viscous secretion
    • water
    • electrolytes, nitrogenous wastes, amino acids, glucose, lactic acid
  • regulates body temperature and removes wastes
37
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A
  • found in subcutaneous layer
  • located in skin of axilla, groin, bearded regions of face, labia (secondary hair growth in puberty)
  • more viscous than eccrine secretion (eccrine + lipids and proteins)
  • stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement

Anatomy Test 4 (11 decks)

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