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Anatomy Test 4 > Histology 1- connective tissue > Flashcards

Histology 1- connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue is most _____ and ______

A

abundant, variable tissue in the body

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2
Q

2 types of connective tissue

A
  1. embryonic

2. adult

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3
Q

2 types of embryonic connective tissue

A
  1. mesenchyme

2. Mucous

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4
Q

2 types of adult connective tissue

A
  1. connective tissue proper

2. specialized

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5
Q

5 types of connective tissue proper

A
  1. loose (areolar)
  2. reticular
  3. dense regular
  4. dense irregular
  5. Adipose
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6
Q

2 types of specialized connective tissue

A
  1. blood
  2. supporting connective tissue
    cartilage
    bone
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7
Q

function of connective tissue

A 
BIPCIST
Binds, support, strengthens 
insulation
protection
compartmentalization
immune response
storage of energy reserves
transport
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8
Q

function: protection examples

A

bones- skull, vertebrae

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9
Q

function insulation example

A

adipose tissue

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10
Q

characteristics of connective tissue

A
  1. cells in extracellular matrix
  2. common origin
  3. degrees of vascularity
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11
Q

connective tissue common origin is from what

A

mesenchyme cells

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12
Q

cells in extracellular matrix

A

few cells, very spread out. Most is extracellular matrix

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13
Q

degrees of vascularity

A

bone is highly vascularized
cartilage is avascular
dense connective tissue is somewhat vascularized

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14
Q

components of connective tissue

A

cells and ECM

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15
Q

components of ECM

A

protein fibers

ground substances

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16
Q

3 protein fibers types

A
  1. collagen
  2. reticular
  3. elastic
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17
Q

what secretes protein fibers

A

cells in the ECM

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18
Q

ground substance

A

provides medium through which things can diffuse. can be fluid, gel like, or calcified, very hydrophilic

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19
Q

ground substances types

A
  1. Glycosaminoglycans GAG
  2. proteoglycans
  3. multiadhesive glycoproteins
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20
Q

Glycosamineglycans (GAG)

A

hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate

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21
Q

multiadhesive glycoproteins

A

laminin and

fibronectin

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22
Q

structural cells in connective tissue

A

fibroblast, chrondroblast, osteoblast, odontoblast- production of fibers and ground substances

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23
Q

immunologic cells in connective tissue

A

plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophil

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24
Q

defense cells in connective tissue

A

mast cells, basophils, macrophages, neutrophils

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25
Q

energy reserve/heat production

A

adipose cells

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26
Q

fibroblast

A 
produce fibers and ground substances
most common type of cell in CT
produce and maintain ECM
large nucleus, cyto tapers out, spindle shape cells
2 levels of activity- quiesto, active
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27
Q

quiesto fibroblast cells

A

sit around, much smaller. fewer processes coming off from cell. smaller darker chromatin (heterochromatin) acidophilic, not a lot of translation

28
Q

active fibroblast

A

abundant cytoplasmic processes, euchromatin ( not densely packed) cytoplasm full of rough ER. cyto more basophilic

29
Q

mast cells

A

originate from bone marrow, migrating in down picture, large oval and rounded, small spherical shaped
strucutures - basophilic secretory granules, very small (inside)- contain certain substances, histamine -
have role in inflammatory, allergic, immune responses. Nice spherical central nucleus

30
Q

plasma cells

A

Plasma cells- derived from B lymphocytes, responsible for synthesis
of antibodies. Very large. Basophilic cytoplasm, due to lots of Rough ER
spherical nucleus off to side.

31
Q

three types of connective tissue fibers

A

collagen
reticular
elastic

32
Q

collagen fibers

A

high tensil strength, very strong, very resiliant to pulling forces, but some flexibility. found in most type of connetice tissue

33
Q

where are collagen fibers found

A

bones, cargilage, tendon, ligaments.

34
Q

reticular fibers

A

collagen type 3 protein. very similar to collagen, but much thinner. form very extensive network, big branches because they do this they are used for support, framework. H and E stain doesnt stain them. Need silver stain to observe these fibers, stain black.

35
Q

elastic fibers

A

smaller than collagen fibers. also often branch and network, made up of protein elastin, can stretch 150% of length, still strong. see alot of these fibers in blood vessels, skin, lungs,

36
Q

procollagen fibers made up of what

A

3 alpha collagen chains

37
Q

what are alpha collagen chains made up of

A

polypeptides

38
Q

procollagin come together and form what

A

fibril

39
Q

GAGs

A

largest of GAGs, and most common
all have (-) charge, bind water. diffusion
property.

40
Q

Proteoglycans

A

protein core, that GAGs can attach to.

41
Q

multiadhesive glycoproteins (laminin fibronectin)

A 
globular proteins, which chains of 
monosaccarides can attach
serve as glue that link different
compoents of ground substance 
together. attach to ECM!
42
Q

mesenchyme cells

A

long, undifferentianted mesenchyme cells, oval nucleus, fine chromatin if active, thin processes coming off, very viscous
ground substances. eosinphilic, thses might be more quiet than active.

43
Q

mucous cells

A

present in umbillical cord, referred to as wharton’s jelly. Also very similar in form to what is found in pulp cavity in young
teeth. very gelanous like extracellular matrix. spindle shape cells, triangle nucleus, widely dispearced. few collagen fibers
this tissue not as prevalent

44
Q

most widely distributed connective tissue in the body

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue

45
Q

main cells in loose CT

A

fibroblast, macrophages

46
Q

arrangement of fibers in loose CT

A

loosely organized, very far away, lots of space for ground substances

47
Q

main characteristics of loose CT

A 
all 3 types of fibers present in random arrangement
cannot undergo lots of pressure/stress
very flexible
well vascularized
body's universal packing material
gel-like
48
Q

function of loose CT

A

wraps and cushions organs
important role in inflammation
holds and conveys tissue fluids

49
Q

location of loose CT

A 
under epithelial (lamina) of mucous membrane
packages of organs
surrounds capillaries
50
Q

only fiber we see in reticular CT

A

type 3 collagen, forms networks branches, with loose ground substance

51
Q

function of reticular CT

A

forms soft skeleton, internal framework, support free cells, reticular cells lie on framework. binds together smooth muscle tissue cells

52
Q

location of reticular CT

A

lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen

53
Q

stain to see reticular CT

A

silver stain, stains black

54
Q

main fiber in dense regular CT

A

type 1 collagen

55
Q

decription of dense regular CT

A

less flexible, more resilient to stresses and pressures, not many cells cuz so many fibers, poorly vascularized, wavy, run parallel in direction of pull

56
Q

major cell types of dense regular CT

A

fibroblast

57
Q

location of dense regular CT

A

tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis

58
Q

function of dense regular CT

A

attaches muscle to bone, bone to bone

59
Q

description of dense irregular CT

A

irregularly arranged collagen type 1 fibers, go in different directions, major cell type is fibroblast

60
Q

function of dense irregular CT

A

able to withstand tension exerted by multiple directions, provides structural strength

61
Q

location of dense irregular CT

A

dermis of the skin, submucosa of digestive tract

62
Q

two types of adipose tissue

A

white adipose tissue

brown adipose tissue

63
Q

white adipose tissue

A

main adipose tissue in adults, unilocular - one main fat cell, made of triglycerides, rim of cytoplasm, flatted nucleus off to side, very well vascularized

64
Q

function of white adipose tissue

A

energy storage, insulation, cushioning of vital organs and secretion of hormones.

65
Q

brown adipose tissue

A

spherical eccentric nucleus. multilocular, predominate type in newborns and fetus

66
Q

function of brown adipose tissue

A

heat production

Anatomy Test 4 (11 decks)

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