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Anatomy Test 4 > Histology 1- connective tissue > Flashcards

Histology 1- connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue is most _____ and ______

A

abundant, variable tissue in the body

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2
Q

2 types of connective tissue

A
  1. embryonic

2. adult

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3
Q

2 types of embryonic connective tissue

A
  1. mesenchyme

2. Mucous

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4
Q

2 types of adult connective tissue

A
  1. connective tissue proper

2. specialized

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5
Q

5 types of connective tissue proper

A
  1. loose (areolar)
  2. reticular
  3. dense regular
  4. dense irregular
  5. Adipose
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6
Q

2 types of specialized connective tissue

A
  1. blood
  2. supporting connective tissue
    cartilage
    bone
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7
Q

function of connective tissue

A 
BIPCIST
Binds, support, strengthens 
insulation
protection
compartmentalization
immune response
storage of energy reserves
transport
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8
Q

function: protection examples

A

bones- skull, vertebrae

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9
Q

function insulation example

A

adipose tissue

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10
Q

characteristics of connective tissue

A
  1. cells in extracellular matrix
  2. common origin
  3. degrees of vascularity
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11
Q

connective tissue common origin is from what

A

mesenchyme cells

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12
Q

cells in extracellular matrix

A

few cells, very spread out. Most is extracellular matrix

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13
Q

degrees of vascularity

A

bone is highly vascularized
cartilage is avascular
dense connective tissue is somewhat vascularized

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14
Q

components of connective tissue

A

cells and ECM

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15
Q

components of ECM

A

protein fibers

ground substances

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16
Q

3 protein fibers types

A
  1. collagen
  2. reticular
  3. elastic
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17
Q

what secretes protein fibers

A

cells in the ECM

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18
Q

ground substance

A

provides medium through which things can diffuse. can be fluid, gel like, or calcified, very hydrophilic

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19
Q

ground substances types

A
  1. Glycosaminoglycans GAG
  2. proteoglycans
  3. multiadhesive glycoproteins
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20
Q

Glycosamineglycans (GAG)

A

hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate

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21
Q

multiadhesive glycoproteins

A

laminin and

fibronectin

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22
Q

structural cells in connective tissue

A

fibroblast, chrondroblast, osteoblast, odontoblast- production of fibers and ground substances

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23
Q

immunologic cells in connective tissue

A

plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophil

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24
Q

defense cells in connective tissue

A

mast cells, basophils, macrophages, neutrophils

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25
energy reserve/heat production
adipose cells
26
fibroblast
``` produce fibers and ground substances most common type of cell in CT produce and maintain ECM large nucleus, cyto tapers out, spindle shape cells 2 levels of activity- quiesto, active ```
27
quiesto fibroblast cells
sit around, much smaller. fewer processes coming off from cell. smaller darker chromatin (heterochromatin) acidophilic, not a lot of translation
28
active fibroblast
abundant cytoplasmic processes, euchromatin ( not densely packed) cytoplasm full of rough ER. cyto more basophilic
29
mast cells
originate from bone marrow, migrating in down picture, large oval and rounded, small spherical shaped strucutures - basophilic secretory granules, very small (inside)- contain certain substances, histamine - have role in inflammatory, allergic, immune responses. Nice spherical central nucleus
30
plasma cells
Plasma cells- derived from B lymphocytes, responsible for synthesis of antibodies. Very large. Basophilic cytoplasm, due to lots of Rough ER spherical nucleus off to side.
31
three types of connective tissue fibers
collagen reticular elastic
32
collagen fibers
high tensil strength, very strong, very resiliant to pulling forces, but some flexibility. found in most type of connetice tissue
33
where are collagen fibers found
bones, cargilage, tendon, ligaments.
34
reticular fibers
collagen type 3 protein. very similar to collagen, but much thinner. form very extensive network, big branches because they do this they are used for support, framework. H and E stain doesnt stain them. Need silver stain to observe these fibers, stain black.
35
elastic fibers
smaller than collagen fibers. also often branch and network, made up of protein elastin, can stretch 150% of length, still strong. see alot of these fibers in blood vessels, skin, lungs,
36
procollagen fibers made up of what
3 alpha collagen chains
37
what are alpha collagen chains made up of
polypeptides
38
procollagin come together and form what
fibril
39
GAGs
largest of GAGs, and most common all have (-) charge, bind water. diffusion property.
40
Proteoglycans
protein core, that GAGs can attach to.
41
multiadhesive glycoproteins (laminin fibronectin)
``` globular proteins, which chains of monosaccarides can attach serve as glue that link different compoents of ground substance together. attach to ECM! ```
42
mesenchyme cells
long, undifferentianted mesenchyme cells, oval nucleus, fine chromatin if active, thin processes coming off, very viscous ground substances. eosinphilic, thses might be more quiet than active.
43
mucous cells
present in umbillical cord, referred to as wharton’s jelly. Also very similar in form to what is found in pulp cavity in young teeth. very gelanous like extracellular matrix. spindle shape cells, triangle nucleus, widely dispearced. few collagen fibers this tissue not as prevalent
44
most widely distributed connective tissue in the body
loose (areolar) connective tissue
45
main cells in loose CT
fibroblast, macrophages
46
arrangement of fibers in loose CT
loosely organized, very far away, lots of space for ground substances
47
main characteristics of loose CT
``` all 3 types of fibers present in random arrangement cannot undergo lots of pressure/stress very flexible well vascularized body's universal packing material gel-like ```
48
function of loose CT
wraps and cushions organs important role in inflammation holds and conveys tissue fluids
49
location of loose CT
``` under epithelial (lamina) of mucous membrane packages of organs surrounds capillaries ```
50
only fiber we see in reticular CT
type 3 collagen, forms networks branches, with loose ground substance
51
function of reticular CT
forms soft skeleton, internal framework, support free cells, reticular cells lie on framework. binds together smooth muscle tissue cells
52
location of reticular CT
lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen
53
stain to see reticular CT
silver stain, stains black
54
main fiber in dense regular CT
type 1 collagen
55
decription of dense regular CT
less flexible, more resilient to stresses and pressures, not many cells cuz so many fibers, poorly vascularized, wavy, run parallel in direction of pull
56
major cell types of dense regular CT
fibroblast
57
location of dense regular CT
tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis
58
function of dense regular CT
attaches muscle to bone, bone to bone
59
description of dense irregular CT
irregularly arranged collagen type 1 fibers, go in different directions, major cell type is fibroblast
60
function of dense irregular CT
able to withstand tension exerted by multiple directions, provides structural strength
61
location of dense irregular CT
dermis of the skin, submucosa of digestive tract
62
two types of adipose tissue
white adipose tissue | brown adipose tissue
63
white adipose tissue
main adipose tissue in adults, unilocular - one main fat cell, made of triglycerides, rim of cytoplasm, flatted nucleus off to side, very well vascularized
64
function of white adipose tissue
energy storage, insulation, cushioning of vital organs and secretion of hormones.
65
brown adipose tissue
spherical eccentric nucleus. multilocular, predominate type in newborns and fetus
66
function of brown adipose tissue
heat production

Anatomy Test 4 (11 decks)

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