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Gastrointestinal System > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

definition of mucous membrane (tunica mucosa)

A

epithelium and the underlying loose connective tissue which may contain a tunica muscularis mucosae, covers the cavities connected to the outside of the body

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2
Q

definition of a tonsil

A

lymphatic aggregation in the mucous membrane

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3
Q

definition of a serous membrane (tunica serosa)

A

mesothelium and the underlying loose connective tissue, covers the closed body cavities and therefore the external surface of most of the GI tract

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4
Q

composition of the mucous membrane

A

surface epithelium, lamina propria mucosae (loose CT), and muscularis mucosae (inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle)

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5
Q

CT comprising submucosa

A

dense irregular CT, contains glands, vessels and nerve plexuses

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6
Q

composition of the serous membrane

A

lamina propria serosae (loose CT) and mesothelium (simple squamous)

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7
Q

functions of the alimentary mucosa

A

1) barrier - prevent entry of bacteria and substances
2) secretion - enzymes, HCl, mucous
3) absorptive - breakdown products of the digestion
4) immunologic - lymphatic tissue serves as a first line of the immune defense

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8
Q

layers of the masticatory mucosa

A

epithelium (parakeratinized), lamina propria (rests on top of periosteum/bone)

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9
Q

location of masticatory mucosa

A

gingiva (gums) and hard palate

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10
Q

types of mucous membrane in the oral cavity

A

masticatory mucosa, lining mucosa, and specialized mucosa

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11
Q

location of the lining mucosa in the oral cavity

A

lips, cheeks, floor of the mouth, inferior surface of the tongue and soft palate

lies on the surface of skeletal muscle

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12
Q

layers of the lining mucosa

A

epithelium (stratified, squamous non-keratinized), lamina propria, submucosa, striated muscle

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13
Q

layers of the lining mucosa of the upper lip

A
  1. pars mucosa - nonkeratinized or parakeratinized with mixed salivary glands
  2. rubor labii (vermilion border) - thin keratinzed, no glands
  3. pars cutanea - skin with sebaceous glands and hair follicles
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14
Q

location of specialized mucosa in the oral cavity

A

dorsum of the tongue, contains papilla

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15
Q

filiform papilla

A
  • “flames” point backward
  • found on the dorsum of the tongue
  • keratinzed epithelium
  • no taste buds, only mechanical function
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16
Q

foliate papilla

A
  • leaf shaped
  • found on the lateral margins of the tongue
  • slightly keratinized epithelium
  • decrease with age
17
Q

circumvallate papilla

A
  • dome shaped
  • found at the sulcus terminalis of the tongue
  • only 8-12 present
  • taste buds in the side
  • Von Ebner’s serous glands open into the clefts
18
Q

fungiform papilla

A
  • mushroom shaped
  • found on the dorsum and tip of the tongue
  • slightly keratinized epithelium
  • taste buds in the side
19
Q

composition and function of the intercalated duct

A
  • low cuboidal epithelial cells

- secrete bicarbonate and absorb chlorine

20
Q

composition and function of the striated duct

A
  • simple cuboidal epithelium that gradually becomes columnar

- reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium and bicarbonate

21
Q

composition and function of the excretory duct

A
  • from pseudostratified columnar to stratified cuboidal and columnar
  • parotid (Stensen’s duct) and submandibular (Wharton’s duct)
22
Q

characteristics of serous acinous glands

A
  • small acinus and lumen
  • spheroid central nucleus
  • basophilic cytoplasm (rER)
23
Q

characteristics of mucous acinus glands

A
  • large acinus and lumen
  • flattened basal nucleus
  • “empty” cytoplasm with H&E (mucous)
24
Q

serous demilune

A

serous cap on a mucous acinus and is typically found in the submandibular and sublingual glands

25
Q

epithelial tissue in the nasopharynx

A

pseudostratified respiratory epithelium with goblet cells

26
Q

epithelial tissue in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

27
Q

location and function of the mucosal glands in the esophagus

A
  • located in lamina propria at the the terminal part of the esophagus, at the esophageo-cardiac junction, and frequently at the beginning of the esophagus
  • produce neutral mucous lubricating the cardia to prevent pyrosis (heartburn)
28
Q

location and function of the submucosal glands in the esophagus

A
  • located in the submucosa scattered along the entire esophagus
  • produce slightly acidic mucous lubricating the lumen
29
Q

shape of fundic glands (fundus, corpus)

A

simple, branched, tubular

30
Q

shape of pyloric glands (pylorus)

A

coiled, branched, tubular

31
Q

shape of cardiac glands (cardia)

A

similar to the pyloric glands but shorter, coiled, branched, and tubular

32
Q

fundic glands cell types

A

mucous neck cells, chief, parietal, and enteroendocrine

33
Q

location and function of mucous neck cells

A
  • located at the neck of the glands

- provides soluble mucous

34
Q

location and function of chief cells

A
  • mainly on the base of the glands

- secrete pepsinogen and weak lipase

35
Q

location and function of parietal cells

A
  • mainly in the middle third of the glands

- secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

36
Q

location and function of enteroendocrine cells

A
  • rest on the basal lamina

- produce gastrointestinal hormones

37
Q

pyloric glands

A
  • located in the pyloric antrum
  • coiled, branched, tubular glands
  • cells are mainly surface mucous cells and few enteroendocrine cells, no chief or parietal cells
38
Q

cardiac glands

A
  • surround the esophageal orifice
  • secretion protects the mucosa of the esophagus
  • coiled, branched, tubular but shorter than pyloric glands
  • cells are mainly surface mucous cells and few enteroendocrine cells, no chief or parietal cells

Gastrointestinal System (12 decks)

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