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Histo second semester 23-24 > histo male repro II > Flashcards

histo male repro II Flashcards

1
Q

what is the tubuli recto?

A

Represents the final end of the seminiferous tubules. Made of Sertoli cells only. goes into the rete testis.

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2
Q

identify

A

rete testis

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3
Q

what si the rete testis?

A

Anastomosing system of ducts in testis mediastinum. Epithelium cuboidal with single apical cilia and few short microvilli

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4
Q

identify

A

Photomicrograph of human testis.
a. This hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained specimen shows the site that includes the mediastinum of the testis. On the right are seminiferous tubules, and on the left are the anastomosing channels of the rete testis. The arrow indicates termination of a straight tubule that is lined only by Sertoli cells. It is at this site that the tubule contents enter the rete testis and the channels are then lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium.

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5
Q

identify

A

Photomicrograph of human testis.
(H&E)-stained specimen shows:
This higher magnification from a slightly deeper section of the same specimen shows the rete testis (left), a cross section of a seminiferous tubule (upper right), and a terminating straight tubule (arrow) where it is entering the rete testis. Note the abrupt change in the epithelial lining at this site.
The epithelium of the rete testis is simple cuboidal

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6
Q

What are the efferent ducts and characteristics?

A

Extra-testicular Genital Ducts

they connect rete testes and epididymis and pierce the tunica albuinea

*columnar ciliated cells
(beat toward epididymis)

*cuboidal non-ciliated cells
(absorb most of fluid secreted in seminiferous tubules)

*few basal cells

*smooth muscle around tubes )para contracciones)

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7
Q

identify

A

efferent ductules

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8
Q

identify

A

excurrent duct system
Efferent Ductules → Head of Epididymis

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9
Q

what happens to sperm in the epididymis?

A

In the epididymis, sperm undergo androgen dependent maturation, acquiring motility.

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10
Q

describe the epididymis

A

*
Tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia on principal cells. Note presence of very long stereocilia and negative Golgi.
*
Function to resorb fluid, phagocytose remnants of cytoplasm.
*
Sperm cell motility is related to changes in the intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), calcium ions (Ca2+), and intracellular pH. sperm kinetic activity.
*
Contractions of the smooth muscle move the sperm by peristaltic action
Highly coiled tubules – 3 regions :
head, body, and tail

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11
Q

identify

A

epididymis

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12
Q

what happens to sperm in the head of the epididymis?

A

*Sperm are modified by adding surface-associated decapacitation factor (glycerophosphocholine) which inhibits ability to fertilize oocyte in a reversible manner.

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13
Q

where does capacitation happen?

A

Capacitation occurs in the female reproductive tract. The sperm then binds to the zona pellucida of the ovum and the acrosomal reaction occurs allowing penetration of the oocyte and fertilization.

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14
Q

identify

A

head of epididymis

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15
Q

describe the cells of the epididymis

A

*
Height of cells and length of stereocilia decrease along the tube.
*
Smooth muscle in walls increases particularly in tail where sperm is stored.
*
3 layers of muscle: middle circular and outer/ inner longitudinal in the tail

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16
Q

identify

A

head top
tail bottom

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17
Q

How many days for sperm to go from seminiferous tubules to tail of epididymis?

A

12 days

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18
Q

where are abundant sperm stored?

A

abundant sperm are stored
in lumen of the epididymis tail until time of emission and ejaculation

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19
Q

identify

A

tail of epididymis

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20
Q

identify

A

tail of epididymis

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21
Q

identify

A

Electron micrograph of epididymis.
a.Electron micrograph of the epididymal epithelium, showing principal cells (PC) extending to the lumen and a basal cell (BC) limited to the basal portion of the epithelium. Profiles of sperm (S) are seen in the lumen. The apical cytoplasm of the principal cells exhibits numerous long microvilli (stereocilia). ×3,000.
b.Apical surface of the epithelial cell with its numerous long microvilli (stereocilia). The middle piece of a sperm (S) is evident in the lumen. The small, light circular profiles (arrowheads) are endocytotic vesicles.

22
Q

what is the ductus deferens?

A

Tail of Epididymis ➔ Ductus Deferens
*

Ductus deferens (vas deferens) is the longest part of the excurrent duct system. It ascends along the posterior border of the testis.
*
In addition to the ductus deferens the spermatic cord contains the testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of veins. Important to maintain cool temperature in testes.
*
Distal end enlarged, enters prostate where looses most of muscle layers and acquires secretory cells as joins duct seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct .

23
Q

identify

A

ductus deferens

24
Q

describe the muscosa of the ductus deferens

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

25
Q

what are the ;ayers of muscle in the ductus deferens?

A

Muscularis: 3 layers of muscle
Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

Peristaltic wave of contraction (sympathetic) at time of emission.

The ejaculation propels sperm out of epididymis and along ductus deferens

26
Q

identify

A
27
Q

descriibe the seminal vesicles

A

*
Highly coiled glands. Duct joins ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct.
*
Mucosa: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with yellow secretory granules.
*
Thin layer of smooth muscle (heps contraction) and a fibrous coat.
*
Viscous secretions yellow fluid (70% of ejaculate). High in fructose (energy for sperm), sugars, amino acids, ascorbic acid and prostaglandins

28
Q

identify

A

accessory genital glands: seminal vesicles

29
Q

describe the prostate gland

A

Largest accessory sex gland
Surrounds prostatic part of the urethra

*Capsule: Fibroelastic dense irregular CT with smooth muscle

*Parenchyma: Tubuloalveolar glands
The epithelium is generally simple columnar, but there may be patches of cuboidal or pseudostratified.

The prostatic glands, especially those in older men, often contain prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea).

They appear in sections as concentric lamellated bodies, formed by precipitation of secretory material around cell debris. They may become partially calcified.

*Stroma: Fibromuscular stroma

30
Q

idenitify

A

corpora amylacea in prostate gland

31
Q
A

Photomicrograph of human prostate gland.
a.This Mallory-Azan–stained specimen shows the tubuloalveolar glands (Gl) and the fibromuscular tissue that forms the septa between glandular tissues. Within the lumina, various-sized prostatic concretions can be seen. Smooth muscle component (stainedred), connective tissue component stainedblue
b.The glandular epithelium is pseudostratified columnar. The round nuclei adjacent to the connective tissue (arrowheads) are the basal cells. Those nuclei that are more elongate and further removed from the base of the epithelium belong to the secretory cells. Note the terminal bars (arrows) that are evident at the apical region of these cells

32
Q

describe the central zone of the prostate gland

A

The central zone surrounds the ejaculatory ducts as they pierce the prostate gland. (25%), resistant to both carcinoma and inflammation

33
Q

describe the peripheral zone of the prostate gland

A

It surrounds the central zone and occupies posterior and lateral (70%). Most prostatic carcinomas arise from the peripheral zone of the prostate gland. The peripheral zone is palpable during digital examination of the rectum.

34
Q

describe the transitional zone of the prostate gland

A

surrounds the prostatic urethra (5%). Contains the mucosal glands. In older individuals, frequently undergo hyperplasia and form nodular masses of epithelial cells. These nodules can compress the prostatic urethra, causing difficult urination. This condition is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

35
Q

describe the periurethral zone of the prostate gland

A

contains mucosal and submucosal glands. In later stages of BPH, this zone may undergo pathologic growth

36
Q

what does the glandular epithelium of prostate gland is influenced by?

A

The glandular epithelium is influenced by testosterone (dihydrotestosterone) and adrenal androgens

37
Q

what does the prostate gland secrete?

A

The prostate gland secretes prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), fibrinolysin, citric acid, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

38
Q

what do high levels of PSA have been linked to?

A

to presence of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, it has become widely accepted that small amounts of PSA are also present in many nonprostatic tissues such as liver, salivary glands, etc.

39
Q

what is the function of PAP and what do elevated levels indicate?

A

regulates cell growth and metabolism of the prostate glandular epithelium. Elevated serum levels of PAP are found in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, this enzyme is routinely used as an alternate marker to PSA.

40
Q

What liquifies semen?

A

Fibrinolysin, secreted from the prostate gland

41
Q

identify

A

prostate gland

42
Q

what is the bulbourethral gland (cowpers gland)?

A

Small compound tubuloalveolar glands at root of penis near urethral sphincter. Under control of testosterone

43
Q

describe the bulbourethral gland

A

Capsule: fibroelastic tissue
Epithelium: simple columnar(or cuboidal) depending on functional state

Secretion: mucus-like glandular secretions contains considerable amounts of galactose, galactosamine, galacturonic acid, sialic acid.

Sexual stimulation causes release of this secretion, which serves to lubricate the penile urethra, neutralizing any traces of acidic urine.

44
Q

identify

A

Photomicrograph of human bulbourethral gland. (H&E)-stained the epithelium consists of columnar mucus-secreting cells. The nuclei are displaced to the base,at they contain. The cytoplasm has an appearance similar to typical mucus-secreting cello. The ducts will merge to form a single excretory duct. In some sites, the ducts contain mucus-secreting cells (arrows).

45
Q

what is th epenis?

A

Shared excretory organ male urinary and genital systems. Copulatory organ for internal fertilization. The erection of the penis involves the filling of the vascular spaces of the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

46
Q

identify

A

This photomicrograph shows an H&E-stained specimen of a cross section of the penis near the base of the organ. Note the arrangement of the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum; the latter contains the urethra

47
Q

describe the penile urethra

A

Epithelium: : becomes stratified squamous epithelium in glans pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Secretions: glands of Littre (epithelial mucus glands)

Structure Penis: 3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue surrounded by tunica albuginea. Smooth muscle between vascular sinuses. Abundant lymph vessels.

48
Q

identify

A
49
Q

identify

A

Penile (spongy) urethra surrounded by erectile tissue. Glands of Littre secrete mucous to lubricate penile urethra.

50
Q

identofy

A

Penile (spongy) urethra surrounded by erectile tissue. Glands of Littre secrete mucous to lubricate penile urethra.

51
Q

describe semen and its components

A

Contains fluids and sperm cells from the testis and secretory products. Its alkaline (pH 7.7), neutralize the acid environment of the urethra and vagina.
*
Seminal fluid provides nutrients (e.g., amino acids, citrates, and fructose) and protection for the sperm cells
*
Secretion from the seminal vesicles are major components of semen (65% to 75%) and prostate gland (25% to 30%).
*
Semen contains prostaglandins (produced by seminal vesicles) that may influence sperm transit.
*
The average ejaculate of semen has a volume of 3 mL and 300 million sperm cells. Approx. 20% of the sperm are morphologically abnormal and nearly 25% are immotile sperm

Histo second semester 23-24 (19 decks)

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