histo female repro I Flashcards
What does the female reproductive system cosists of?
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Mammary Glands
Female reproductive organs undergo cyclic changes from puberty to menopause.
What are the functions of the ovaries?
Production of gametes and steroid hormones are the two major functions of the ovary.
In the female the production of gametes is called oogenesis. Developing gametes are called oocytes and mature gametes are called ova
Which are the major gorups of steroid hormones in the ovaries?
- Estrogens
Promote maturation and growth of internal and external sex organs, at puberty promote breast development. - Progestogens
Prepare the internal sex organs (mainly uterus) for pregnancy. Also prepare the mammary gland for lactation.
Both hormones play an important role in the menstrual cycle
describe the histological feature of th eovaries?
Cortex
Site of ovarian follicles embedded in a richly cellular Connective tissue (CT)
Medulla
Highly vascular, loose CT, site at which the major vessels enter and leave the ovary
identify
Ovary monkey
Describe the epithelium of the cortex of the ovary
Germinal epithelium (instead of mesothelium) covers the ovary .It is a single layer of cuboidal cells.
Tunica albuginea (Dense CT, fibrous layer)lies between the germinal epithelium and the cortex.
Ovarian follicles provide the microenvironment for the developing oocytes.
Stroma:
Highly cellular, containing spindle shaped fibroblast-like cells. Scattered smooth muscle fibers
70% of ovarian cancers arise from the epithelial surface
When does the ovarian cycle begin?
Beginning at puberty, the cortex of the ovary undergoes a month cycle of changes in morphology
what are the phases of the ovarian cycle?
This can be divided in 2 phases:
Follicular Phase (Days 1-14)
Growth of follicle into a mature follicle and ovulation at day 14 (aprox.). Characterized by follicular stimulation by FSH and synthesis of estrogen.
Luteal Phase (Days 15-28)
The remains (remnants) of the mature ovarian follicle develop a corpus luteum. Characterized by formation of corpus luteum in response to burst of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and by synthesis of progesterone
describe follicle development
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During puberty small groups of follicles undergo cyclic growth and maturation.
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Cyclic of maturation and ovulation is established and continues in parallel with the menstrual cycle.
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Primordial follicles undergo follicular growth and single mature follicle is produced each month.
wht are the different stages of follicular growth
1.Primordial follicle
2.Unilaminar(early) primaryfollicle
3.Multilaminar (late) primaryfollicle
4.Secondary or antral follicles
5.Mature (Graafian) follicle
explain the early stages of oogenesis
The primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrate from the yolk sac to the genital ridge which eventually forms the ovary.
In the fetal ovary, massive mitosis increases the number of oogoniato up to several million by the end of the 5thfetal month
By the end of the 7thmonth, the oogonia have all transformed into primary oocytes. OOGONIA ARE ONLY FOUND IN THE FETAL OVARY
The oocytespresent at birth remain arrested in development at the 1st meiotic division. The cells at this stage are the primary oocytes. They become surrounded by a single layer of flattened (squamous) follicular cells to form a primordial follicle.
eaht are primordialfollicles>
Primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of “flat” follicular cells.
WHat is the earliest stage of follicular development?
primordial follicles
describe th eprimordial follicles?
Are the smallest of the ovarian follicles.
Typically are found in the stroma of the cortex beneath the tunica albuginea
Consists of the primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous follicular cells
identify
primordial follicles
identify
follicular cells, oocyte primary, primordial follicle woth primary oocyte
Describe the early unilaminar primary folicles
Characterized by having a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells around the primary oocyte
Primary oocyte and follicle are both larger than primordial follicle
Zonapellucida: acidophilic refractivelayer between the oocyte and the follicular cells. Made of glycosaminoglycansand glycoproteins
identify
early unilaminar primary follicle
identify
primordial follicle
identify
primary follicles
describe th emultilaminar late primary follicles
Follicle cells undergo mitotic proliferation to form the stratified granulosa layer. Follicle cells are now called granulosa cells, and have gap junctions between them.
Connective tissue surrounding the follicle develops into the theca folliculi.
Maturation of the oocyte occurs.
Multiple disperse Golgi appears from Balbianibody.
Increase in mitochondria, RER, small vesicles. Cortical granules.
identify
late primary follicle, gap jucnctions in between granulose cells and oocyte
explain the gap junction coupling in the ovarian follicle
The oocyte is surrounded by a thick layer of extracellular matrix called the zonapellucida.
The surrounding granulosacellsare coupled to each other by gap junctions
In addition, the granulosacells extend processes through the zonapellucidaand make gap junctions with the oocyte.
identify
- granulosa cells
- zona pellucida
- oocyto primario
late primary follicle
identify
Secondary or Antral follicle