HISTO DIGESTIVE

Question 1

its function is to obtain
molecules from the ingested food that are necessary for the
maintenance, growth, and energy needs of the body

Answer 1

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Question 2

introduction of food and liquid into the
oral cavity

Answer 2

Ingestion

Question 3

divides solid food into
digestible pieces

Answer 3

Mastication

Question 4

muscular movements of materials through the
tract

Answer 4

Motility

Question 5

local control of motility and secretion

Answer 5

Hormone release

Question 6

enzymatic degradation of large macromolecules in food to smaller molecules and their subunits

Answer 6

Chemical digestion

Question 7

4 Main Layers of the Digestive Tract

Answer 7

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Question 8

consists of an epithelial lining; an underlying lamina propria of loose connective tissue rich in
blood vessels, lymphatics, lymphocytes, smooth musclecells, and often containing small glands; and a thin layer of smooth muscle

Answer 8

mucous membrane./ mucosa

Question 9

a thin layer
of smooth muscle separating mucosa from submucosa and allowing local
movements of the mucosa.

Answer 9

muscularis mucosae

Question 10

contains denser connective tissue with
larger blood and lymph vessels and the Meissner plexus of autonomic nerves

Answer 10

Sub Mucosa

Question 11

composed of smooth muscle cells organized as two or more sublayers

Answer 11

muscularis

Question 12

fiber orientation in the internal sublayer

Answer 12

Circular

Question 13

Fiber orientation in external sublayer

Answer 13

Longitudinal

Question 14

a thin sheet of loose connective tissue, rich in
blood vessels, lymphatics, and adipose tissue, and covered
with a simple squamous covering epithelium or mesothelium

Answer 14

Serosa

Question 15

the outermost layer of the digestive tract located
within the abdominal cavity.

Answer 15

Serosa

Question 16

oral cavity is lined with what cells

Answer 16

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 17

a mass of striated muscle covered by mucosa,
which manipulates ingested material during mastication and
swallowing

Answer 17

Tongue

Question 18

Part of the the tongue that provide a rough surface that facilitates
movement of food during chewing.

Answer 18

Filiform papillae

Question 19

Part of the tongue that consist of several parallel ridges
on each side of the tongue, anterior to the sulcus terminalis, but are rudimentary in humans, especially
older individuals.

Answer 19

Foliate papillae

Question 20

are the largest papillae

Answer 20

Vallate (or circumvallate) papillae

Question 21

Gland within the largest papillae

Answer 21

salivary (von Ebner) glands

Question 22

are ovoid structures within the stratified
epithelium on the tongue’s surface, which sample the general
chemical composition of ingested material

Answer 22

Taste buds

Question 23

A taste bud has __________ cells, about half of which are ____________________

Answer 23

50-100 cells, elongated gustatory (taste) cells

Question 24

Turn over of Gustatory Taste Cells

Answer 24

7- to 10-day life span

Question 25

Taste buds detect at least five broad categories of tastants which are:

Answer 25

- sodium ions (salty) - hydrogen ions from acids (sour) - sugars and related compounds (sweet) - alkaloids and certain toxins (bitter); - amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate (umami; Jap. umami, savory)

Question 26

Cells in the Stomach that produce HCl

Answer 26

Parietal Cells

Question 27

Parietal cells also secrete _________________ which is a glycoprotein required for uptake of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.

Answer 27

intrinsic factor

Question 28

Cells that are interspersed among the absorptive enterocytes also They secrete glycoprotein mucins, which are then hydrated to form mucus, whose main function is to protect and lubricate the lining of the intestine

Answer 28

Goblet cells

Question 29

Cells located in the basal portion of the intestinal crypts below the stem cells, are exocrine cells with large, eosinophilic secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm

Answer 29

Paneth cells

Question 30

Paneth cells produce what peptide

Answer 30

defensins

Question 31

the Intestinal absorptive cells, which are tall columnar cells, each with an oval nucleus located basally

Answer 31

Enterocytes