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Anatomy 1 Final > Histo- Blood and Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Histo- Blood and Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of our total body weight is blood?

A

7%-8%

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2
Q

What are the main functions of blood

A 
Deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells
Transport of wastes
Transport hormones
Homeostasis
Protection
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3
Q

What are the formed elements of blood derived from?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

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4
Q

What are the formed elements of the blood?

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

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5
Q

The protein rich, fluid extracellular matrix of the blood

A

Plasma

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6
Q

The relative volume of Erythrocytes found in a hemocrit

A

~45%

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7
Q

Relative volume of plasma found in a hemocrit

A

~55%

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8
Q

What is found in the buffy coat of a hemocrit?

A

leukocytes and platelets

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9
Q

What is the most dense part of the hemocrit

A

erythrocytes

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10
Q

What makes up the largest part of the plasma

A

water

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11
Q

What are the 3 main types of plasma proteins found in plasma?

A

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

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12
Q

What plasma protein makes up more than half of the plasma protein?

A

Albumin

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13
Q

Where the plasma proteins made?

A

Liver

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14
Q

What is the role of albumin

A

Acts as a carrier protein for hormones, metabolites and drugs. Helps maintain osmotic pressure

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15
Q

Antibodies that are secreted by plasma cells

A

Immunoglobulins

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16
Q

What is the role of nonimmune globulins?

A

Maintain osmotic pressure and serve as carrier proteins

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17
Q

Plasma protein that helps in the formation of clots

A

Fibrinogen

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18
Q

How is blood prepared to look at in a slide?

A

Blood Smear

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19
Q

Erythrocytes are this type of cell, which is devoid of typical organelles

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

What is the diameter of a RBC?

A

7.8 micrometers

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21
Q

Where are RBC produced?

A

Red bone marrow

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22
Q

What is the production of RBC called?

A

Erythropoiesis

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23
Q

Specialized proterin involved in binding, transporting and releasing oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Hemoglobin

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24
Q

Each hemoglobin protein binds to how many oxygen molecules?

A

4

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25
Q

Type of leukocyte that contains specific granules and has multilobed nuclei

A

Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes

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26
Q

Type of leukocyte that has no specific granules and a rounded nuclei

A

Mononuclear Agranulocytes

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27
Q

3 types of leukocytes that are classified as Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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28
Q

2 types of leukocytes that are classified as Mononuclear Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

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29
Q

Most numerous type of leukocyte

A

Neutrophils

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30
Q

The granules in neutrophils contain these 2 things

A

Lysozyme

Peroxidases

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31
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

First responders to infection
Acute inflammation
Phagocytose bacteria in the tissues

32
Q

The cytoplasm of eosinophils has this type of granules

A

Acidophilic

33
Q

The granule content of eosinophils is comprised of:

A

Peroxidase
Histaminase
Arylsulfatase

34
Q

What are the functions of eosinophils?

A

Defense against parasites
Plays a roll in allergies
Chronic inflammation

35
Q

The least abundant type of leukocyte

A

Basophils

36
Q

What is the granule content of basophils?

A

Histamine
Serotonin
Heparin sulfate

37
Q

The nucleus of this type of leukocyte is dark with several lobes

A

Neutrophils

38
Q

The nucleus of these types of leukocyte is light and bilobed

A

Eosinophils

Basophils

39
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Regulates immune response to parasites

Vasoactive agents in allergic reactions

40
Q

The nucleus of this type of leukocyte is very large and dark. Leaving only a narrow rim of cytoplasm visually

A

Lymphocyte

41
Q

Type of lymphocyte that is used in cell-mediated immunity

A

T lymphocytes

42
Q

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

A

Thymus

43
Q

Type of lymphocyte that is used in humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes

44
Q

B lymphocytes is important in the production of these

A

Antibodies

45
Q

Lymphocytes that are innate immune cells. They halt virally infected and malignant cells

A

Natural Killer Cells

46
Q

The nucleus of this leukocyte is darkish, off center and kidney shaped

A

Monocyte

47
Q

What is the functions of monocytes

A

Differentiate into macrophages and then serve as phagocytotic cells

48
Q

Thrombocytes are derived from large cells within the bone marrow called this

A

Megakaryocytes

49
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes?

A

Blood clot formation

Repair tears in blood vessel walls

50
Q

These cells differentiate into all the blood cell lineages and self renews

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

51
Q

2 major colonies of multipotential progenitor cells that ASC can differentiate into

A

Common Myleoid Progenitor (CMP)

Common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP)

52
Q

Common Myleoid Progenitor can differentiate into these 1 lineage-restricted progenitors

A

Granulocyte/Monocyte

Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte

53
Q

Common Lymphoid Progenitor gives rise to these cells

A

Lymphocytes

54
Q

Blast cells and precursor cells develop from what kind of cells?

A

Progenitor

55
Q

Step in erythropoiesis where the cell is very large and the cytoplasm shows mild basophilia

A

Proerythroblast

56
Q

Step in erythropoiesis where the nucleus becomes progressively more heterochromatic.

A

Basophilic Erythroblast

57
Q

What causes the cytoplasm of Basophilic Erythroblasts to be basophilic?

A

Large numbers of free ribosomes

58
Q

The free ribosomes in Basophilic Erythroblasts synthesize this

A

Hemaglobin

59
Q

Step in Erythropoiesis where the cytoplasm is both acidophilic and basophilic

A

Polychromatophilic erythroblast

60
Q

What does the nucleus look like in Polychromatophilic erythrocytes?

A

Checkerboard

61
Q

Step of erythropoiesis that is no longer capable of cell division

A

Orthochromatic erythroblast

62
Q

Step in erythropoiesis where there is no longer a nucleus. These can sometimes be found in the blood stream

A

Polychromatophilic erythrocyte

63
Q

Basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils all undergo this similiar maturation process

A

Granulopoiesis

64
Q

Steps in granulopoiesis that are the same for all granulocytes

A

Myleoblast > Promyelocyte > Myelocyte > Metamyelocyte > Mature Cell

65
Q

Neutrophils have this additional step in granulopoiesis

A

Band Cell

66
Q

Step in granulopoiesis where the granules develop

A

Metamyelocyte

67
Q

Thrombocytes are derived from these via thrombopoiesis

A

Megakaryocytes

68
Q

What are the steps of thrombopoiesis?

A

HSC > CMP > MEP > MKP > Megakaryoblast > Megakaryocyte > Platelets

69
Q

Megakaryoblasts have this type of nucleus.

A

Nonlobed

70
Q

Megakaryocytes have this type o nucleus

A

Multilobed with scattered azurophilic granules

71
Q

Where are megakaryocytes located?

A

Near siusoids within bone marrow

72
Q

Where is bone marrow located?

A

Within the medullary cavity and spaces of spongy bone

73
Q

This part of bone marrow is comprised of developing blood cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages, mast cells and adipocytes.

A

Hematopoietic cords

74
Q

These send sheetlike extensions into hematopoietic cords

A

Adventitial cells

75
Q

What is the function of adventitial cells?

A

Provide support for developing blood cells and stimulate differentiation of progenitor cells

76
Q

This is the ratio of hematopoietic cells to adipocytes

A

Bone marrow cellularity

77
Q

How to calculate bone marrow cellularity

A

100 - age +/- 10%

Anatomy 1 Final (13 decks)

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