Histo- Blood and Hematopoiesis Flashcards by Elizabeth Holloway

What percent of our total body weight is blood?

7%-8%

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What are the main functions of blood

Deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells
Transport of wastes
Transport hormones
Homeostasis
Protection

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What are the formed elements of blood derived from?

Hematopoietic stem cells

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What are the formed elements of the blood?

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

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The protein rich, fluid extracellular matrix of the blood

Plasma

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The relative volume of Erythrocytes found in a hemocrit

~45%

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Relative volume of plasma found in a hemocrit

~55%

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What is found in the buffy coat of a hemocrit?

leukocytes and platelets

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What is the most dense part of the hemocrit

erythrocytes

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What makes up the largest part of the plasma

water

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What are the 3 main types of plasma proteins found in plasma?

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

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What plasma protein makes up more than half of the plasma protein?

Albumin

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Where the plasma proteins made?

Liver

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What is the role of albumin

Acts as a carrier protein for hormones, metabolites and drugs. Helps maintain osmotic pressure

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Antibodies that are secreted by plasma cells

Immunoglobulins

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What is the role of nonimmune globulins?

Maintain osmotic pressure and serve as carrier proteins

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Plasma protein that helps in the formation of clots

Fibrinogen

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How is blood prepared to look at in a slide?

Blood Smear

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Erythrocytes are this type of cell, which is devoid of typical organelles

Nucleus

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What is the diameter of a RBC?

7.8 micrometers

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Where are RBC produced?

Red bone marrow

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What is the production of RBC called?

Erythropoiesis

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Specialized proterin involved in binding, transporting and releasing oxygen and carbon dioxide

Hemoglobin

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Each hemoglobin protein binds to how many oxygen molecules?

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Type of leukocyte that contains specific granules and has multilobed nuclei

Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes

Type of leukocyte that has no specific granules and a rounded nuclei

Mononuclear Agranulocytes

3 types of leukocytes that are classified as Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

2 types of leukocytes that are classified as Mononuclear Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes | Monocytes

Most numerous type of leukocyte

Neutrophils

The granules in neutrophils contain these 2 things

Lysozyme | Peroxidases

What is the function of neutrophils?

First responders to infection Acute inflammation Phagocytose bacteria in the tissues

The cytoplasm of eosinophils has this type of granules

Acidophilic

The granule content of eosinophils is comprised of:

Peroxidase Histaminase Arylsulfatase

What are the functions of eosinophils?

Defense against parasites Plays a roll in allergies Chronic inflammation

The least abundant type of leukocyte

Basophils

What is the granule content of basophils?

Histamine Serotonin Heparin sulfate

The nucleus of this type of leukocyte is dark with several lobes

Neutrophils

The nucleus of these types of leukocyte is light and bilobed

Eosinophils | Basophils

What is the function of basophils?

Regulates immune response to parasites | Vasoactive agents in allergic reactions

The nucleus of this type of leukocyte is very large and dark. Leaving only a narrow rim of cytoplasm visually

Lymphocyte

Type of lymphocyte that is used in cell-mediated immunity

T lymphocytes

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

Thymus

Type of lymphocyte that is used in humoral immunity

B lymphocytes

B lymphocytes is important in the production of these

Antibodies

Lymphocytes that are innate immune cells. They halt virally infected and malignant cells

Natural Killer Cells

The nucleus of this leukocyte is darkish, off center and kidney shaped

Monocyte

What is the functions of monocytes

Differentiate into macrophages and then serve as phagocytotic cells

Thrombocytes are derived from large cells within the bone marrow called this

Megakaryocytes

What is the function of thrombocytes?

Blood clot formation | Repair tears in blood vessel walls

These cells differentiate into all the blood cell lineages and self renews

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

2 major colonies of multipotential progenitor cells that ASC can differentiate into

Common Myleoid Progenitor (CMP) | Common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP)

Common Myleoid Progenitor can differentiate into these 1 lineage-restricted progenitors

Granulocyte/Monocyte | Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte

Common Lymphoid Progenitor gives rise to these cells

Lymphocytes

Blast cells and precursor cells develop from what kind of cells?

Progenitor

Step in erythropoiesis where the cell is very large and the cytoplasm shows mild basophilia

Proerythroblast

Step in erythropoiesis where the nucleus becomes progressively more heterochromatic.

Basophilic Erythroblast

What causes the cytoplasm of Basophilic Erythroblasts to be basophilic?

Large numbers of free ribosomes

The free ribosomes in Basophilic Erythroblasts synthesize this

Hemaglobin

Step in Erythropoiesis where the cytoplasm is both acidophilic and basophilic

Polychromatophilic erythroblast

What does the nucleus look like in Polychromatophilic erythrocytes?

Checkerboard

Step of erythropoiesis that is no longer capable of cell division

Orthochromatic erythroblast

Step in erythropoiesis where there is no longer a nucleus. These can sometimes be found in the blood stream

Polychromatophilic erythrocyte

Basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils all undergo this similiar maturation process

Granulopoiesis

Steps in granulopoiesis that are the same for all granulocytes

Myleoblast > Promyelocyte > Myelocyte > Metamyelocyte > Mature Cell

Neutrophils have this additional step in granulopoiesis

Band Cell

Step in granulopoiesis where the granules develop

Metamyelocyte

Thrombocytes are derived from these via thrombopoiesis

Megakaryocytes

What are the steps of thrombopoiesis?

HSC > CMP > MEP > MKP > Megakaryoblast > Megakaryocyte > Platelets

Megakaryoblasts have this type of nucleus.

Nonlobed

Megakaryocytes have this type o nucleus

Multilobed with scattered azurophilic granules

Where are megakaryocytes located?

Near siusoids within bone marrow

Where is bone marrow located?

Within the medullary cavity and spaces of spongy bone

This part of bone marrow is comprised of developing blood cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages, mast cells and adipocytes.

Hematopoietic cords

These send sheetlike extensions into hematopoietic cords

Adventitial cells

What is the function of adventitial cells?

Provide support for developing blood cells and stimulate differentiation of progenitor cells

This is the ratio of hematopoietic cells to adipocytes

Bone marrow cellularity

How to calculate bone marrow cellularity

100 - age +/- 10%