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Anatomy 1 Final > Embryo - Development of the Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Embryo - Development of the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

This part of the skull is developed from neural crest cells

A

Viscerocranium

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2
Q

This part of the skull is developed from paraxial mesoderm

A

Neurocranium

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3
Q

The bones of the face are derived from this

A

Neural crest cells

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4
Q

The bones encasing the brain are derived from these

A

Paraxial mesoderm & neural crest cells

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5
Q

The viscerocranium is formed by this type of ossification

A

Intramembraneous

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6
Q

The neurocranium is formed by these types of ossification

A

Intramembraneous and Endochondral

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7
Q

The chondrocranium includes these areas of the brain

A

Sphenoid

Petrous portion of the temporal bone

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8
Q

The chondrocranium is formed by this type of ossification

A

Endochondral

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9
Q

Enlarged membraneous spaces where more than one bones meet in infants

A

Fontanelles

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10
Q

Premature closure of the sutures in infants

A

Craniosynostosis

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11
Q

Premature closure of the saggital suture

A

Scaphocephaly

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12
Q

Premature closure of the coronal suture

A

Brachycephaly

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13
Q

Most of the axial skeleton is formed from this

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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14
Q

Each sclerotome segment of the vertebrae has these 2 portions

A

Dense caudal portion

Less dense caudial portion

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15
Q

The dense caudal portiono the vertebrae forms this

A

Annulus fibrosis of intervertebral discs

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16
Q

These fuse together to get one vertebrae

A 
Less dense portion (top)
Dense portion (bottom)
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17
Q

This degenerates to form the Nucleus pulposus

A

Notochord

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18
Q

These grow out as lateral extensions of the costal processes of thoracic vertebrae

A

Ribs

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19
Q

This forms where costal processes meet the vertebrae

A

Synovial joints

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20
Q

The sternum is induced to form by ribs at the ventral midline from this

A

Lateral plate somatic mesoderm

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21
Q

Occipital somites form a portion of this

A

Neurocranium

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22
Q

The appendicular skeleton differentiates from mesenchyme from here

A

Lateral Plate Somatic mesoderm

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23
Q

Disturbance of endochondral ossification durng fetal life at the epiphyseal cartilage plates, makeing them shorter than usual

A

Acondroplasia

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24
Q

Skeletal muscle is derived from this

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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25
Q

Cardiac muscle is derived from this

A

Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

26
Q

Smooth muscle is dervided from this

A

Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

27
Q

Type of somite that gives rise to skeletal muscle

A

Myotome

28
Q

Specialized mesoderm cells that fuse together to form skeletal muscle

A

Myoblasts

29
Q

Several myoblasts use together to form this

A

Myotube

30
Q

Myotubes mature into this

A

Skeletal muscle fiber

31
Q

Progenitor cells for muscle tissue is derived from these

A

Ventrolateral and dorsomedial lips of the dermamyotome

32
Q

This seperates paraxial mesoderm from lateral plate somatic mesoderm

A

Lateral somatic frontier

33
Q

This surrounds the neural tube and contans only somite derived cells

A

Primaxial domain

34
Q

Primaxial domain contains only these type of cells

A

Somite derived

35
Q

Parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm with somite derived cells

A

Abaxial domain

36
Q

The Primaxial domain gives rise to these areas

A

Musculature off the back
Shoulder girdle muscles
Intercostal muscles

37
Q

The abaxial domain gives rise to these areas

A

Inrahyoid muscle
Pectoralis muscles
Abdominal wall muscles
Limb muscles

38
Q

Where are back muscles derived from

A

Primaxial domain

39
Q

Where are the shoulder girdle muscles derived from

A

Primaxial domain

40
Q

Where are the intercostal muscles derived from

A

Primaxial domain

41
Q

Where are pectoralis muscles derived from

A

Abaxial domain

42
Q

Where are limb muscles derived from

A

Abaxial domain

43
Q

Each myotome divides into these two groups

A

Epaxial and hypaxial groups

44
Q

Each spinal nerve divides into these

A

Dorsal primary ramus

Ventral primary ramus

45
Q

Epaxial muscles give rise to these muscles

A

Back muscles

46
Q

The epaxial muscled are innervated by this spinal nerve division

A

Dorsal prmary rami

47
Q

The hypaxial muscles give rise to these muscles

A

Muscles of the limbs and body walls

48
Q

The hypaxial muscles are innervated by this spinal nerve division

A

Ventral primary rami

49
Q

The sphincter pupillae muscle and dilator pupillae muscle of the iris is derived from this

A

Neuroectoderm

50
Q

Myopeithelial cells of mammary, sweat and salivary glands are derived from this

A

Surface ectoderm

51
Q

These limbs appear first in embryonic development

A

Upper

52
Q

This is a core of mesenchyme lined by surface ectoderm

A

Limb bud

53
Q

This forms the connective tissue of the limb

A

Mesenchyme (Lateral plate mesoderm)

54
Q

This sends signaling factors to nearby mesenchyme progress zone to keep cells undifferentiated and rapidly dividing to orm more limb tissue

A

Apical ectodermal ridge

55
Q

How do the upper limbs rotate during development?

A

Laterally by 90 degrees

56
Q

How do the lower limbs rotate during development?

A

Medially by 90 degrees

57
Q

Digits of the limbs are formed by this

A

Apoptosis of cells in the apical ectodermal ridge

58
Q

Absence of part of a limb

A

Meromelia

59
Q

Absence of entire limb

A

Amelia

60
Q

Extra digits

A

Polydactyly

61
Q

Fewer digits

A

Syndactyly

Anatomy 1 Final (13 decks)

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