histamine, serotonine and ergot alkaloids

Question 1

______ can be lifesacing in systemic anaphylaxis. opposite smooth muscle action.

Answer 1

epinephrine

Question 2

________ reduces the degranulation of mast cells that results from immunologic triggering by antigen- IgE interaction.

Answer 2

cromolyn sodium, azelastine, ketotifen

Question 3

H1 blocker의 clinical uses?

Answer 3

1. 알러지 2. 감기 3. 멀미약, 수면유도 4. 마취약(local anesthetic effect)

Question 4

diphenhydramine, promethazine

Answer 4

1세대 H1 blocker

Question 5

cetrizine

Answer 5

2세대 H1 blocker

Question 6

loratadine

Answer 6

2세대 H1 blocker

Question 7

fexofenadine

Answer 7

2세대 H1 blocker

Question 8

1세대 H1 blocker인 diphenhydramine, promethazine은 __________effect로 motion sickness에 사용한다.

Answer 8

anticholinergic

Question 9

azelastine, ketotifen

Answer 9

master cell-stabilizing effects + H1 receptor blocking

Question 10

h1 blocker 의 AE는?

Answer 10

sedation, dryness of the mouth, leathal ventricular arrhythmias

Question 11

astemizole, terfenadine

Answer 11

초기 2세대 H1 blocker

Question 12

astemizole, terfenadine in combination with ketoconazole, itraconazole, or macrolide antibitics such as erythromycin that result from __________ of CYP3A4.

Answer 12

inhibition

Question 13

terfenadine metabolites to ____________ by CYP3A4 oxidation .

Answer 13

fexofenadine

Question 14

bismuth

Answer 14

H pylori 표적 약

Question 15

metronidazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin

Answer 15

H.pylori 표적약

Question 16

famotidine

Answer 16

H2 blocker

Question 17

nizatidine

Answer 17

H2 blocker

Question 18

____________ syndrome increased levels of the hormone gastrin are produced at the non- beta cell islet tumor of pancreas. —> 이때 사용하는 약은?

Answer 18

zollinger-ellison , H2 blocker

Question 19

GERD?

Answer 19

gastroesophageal reflux disease , 역류성 식도염

Question 20

__________ is a less sedating H1 blocker with fewer autonomic effects.

Answer 20

chlorpheniramine

Question 21

_____________, a strongly sedating H1 blocker, is available over- the- counter in many sleep-aid formulations and in Diclegis (in combination with pyridoxine) for use in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Answer 21

Doxylamine

Question 22

sumatriptan

Answer 22

migraine 약, 5-HT1 agonist

Question 23

mosapride

Answer 23

5-HT4 partial agonist, 위장관 운동 촉진

Question 24

trazodone, risperidone

Answer 24

5-HT2 blocker, 항우울약

Question 25

ondansetron

Answer 25

5-HT3 blocker, 항구토약

Question 26

Locaserin

Answer 26

5-HT2c agonist,비만치료약

Question 27

Serotonin is metabolized by _________, and the intermediate product, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, is further oxidized by aldehyded hydrogenase to _________.

Answer 27

MAO, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)

Question 28

24-hour excretion of 5-HIAA can used as a diagnostic test for tumors that synthesize excessive quantities of serotonin, especially _______________.

Answer 28

carcinoid tumor

Question 29

__________syndrome includes flushing and diarrhea, and less frequently, heart failure and bronchocontriction.

Answer 29

carcinoid

Question 30

there are seven types 5-HT receptors that are GPCR except _______.

Answer 30

3, ligand-gated ion channel

Question 31

______ is somatodendritic autoreceptor, activates a receptor -operated K+ channel and inhibits a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel.

Answer 31

5-HT1A.

Question 32

buspirone

Answer 32

5-HT1A partial agonist 항우울제

Question 33

___________ inhibits 5-HT release and regulates the release of dopamine at axonal terminals and functions as an autoreceptor on axon terminals.

Answer 33

5-HT1D/1B

Question 34

triptan

Answer 34

5-HT-1B/1D agonists, 편두통약

Question 35

The effects of 5-HT on smooth muscle and platelets, which have been known for many years, are mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor, as are some of the behavioral effects of agents such as _____________.

Answer 35

LSD(lysergic acid diethylamide)

Question 36

lorcaserin

Answer 36

식욕억제제이고 5-HT2C agonist, 현재는 withdraw

Question 37

trazodone, risperidone

Answer 37

5-HT2 blocker로 depression, schizophrenia, migraine headache에 사용함

Question 38

metoclopramide, domperidone의 기능

Answer 38

anticholinergic

Question 39

metoclopramide, cisapride, mosapride

Answer 39

5-HT4 parital agonist, 위장관 운동 촉진

Question 40

Ramelteon, Tasimelteon, Agomelatine

Answer 40

MT1,MT2 agonist, agomelatine은 동시에 5-HT2C blocker여서 MDD에도 사용하기도

Question 41

buspirone, Ipsaperone (수용체, 임상용도)

Answer 41

5-HT1A partial agonist, anxiety&depression

Question 42

sumatriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan (수용체, 임상용도)

Answer 42

5-HT1D agonist, migraine

Question 43

methysergide, ketanserin, trazodone, risperidone (수용체, 임상용도)

Answer 43

5-HT2A/2C antagonist, migraine & depression & schizophrenia

Question 44

lorcaserin (수용체, 임상용도)

Answer 44

5-HT2C agonist, antiobesity drug

Question 45

cisapride, mosapride, tegaserod (수용체, 임상용도)

Answer 45

5-HT4 agonist, GI disorder, IBS(irritable bowel syndrome)

Question 46

fluoxetine, sertraline (수용체, 임상용도)

Answer 46

5-HT transporter inhibitor, depression

Question 47

______ is released into the meningeal circulation during a migraine attack and that antagonists of this peptide such as ______are extremely effective in aborting attacks.

Answer 47

CGRP(calcitonin gene-related peptide), ubrogepant

Question 48

________, developed by Eli Lilly, is a humanized monoclonal antibody which targets CGRO, used for the prevention of migraiine.

Answer 48

Galcanezumab

Question 49

______ targets the CGRP receptor.

Answer 49

erenumab

Question 50

_________ and its congeners are currently first-line therapy for acute severe migraine attacks in most patients. however, they should not be used in patients at risk for coronary artery disease.

Answer 50

sumatripatan

Question 51

______ is a serotonin receptor agonist that selectively binds to the 5-HT1F receptor subtype. few side effects related to vasoconstriction compared to triptans in susceptible peole such as those with ischemic heart diesases, Raynaud’s phenomenon~

Answer 51

lasmiditan

Question 52

______ : ergot alkaloids, clinical applications are postpartum bleeding and migraine headache.

Answer 52

Ergonovine

Question 53

ergotamine

Answer 53

migraine and cluster headache