histamine, serotonine and ergot alkaloids Flashcards
______ can be lifesacing in systemic anaphylaxis. opposite smooth muscle action.
epinephrine
________ reduces the degranulation of mast cells that results from immunologic triggering by antigen- IgE interaction.
cromolyn sodium, azelastine, ketotifen
H1 blocker의 clinical uses?
- 알러지 2. 감기 3. 멀미약, 수면유도 4. 마취약(local anesthetic effect)
diphenhydramine, promethazine
1세대 H1 blocker
cetrizine
2세대 H1 blocker
loratadine
2세대 H1 blocker
fexofenadine
2세대 H1 blocker
1세대 H1 blocker인 diphenhydramine, promethazine은 __________effect로 motion sickness에 사용한다.
anticholinergic
azelastine, ketotifen
master cell-stabilizing effects + H1 receptor blocking
h1 blocker 의 AE는?
sedation, dryness of the mouth, leathal ventricular arrhythmias
astemizole, terfenadine
초기 2세대 H1 blocker
astemizole, terfenadine in combination with ketoconazole, itraconazole, or macrolide antibitics such as erythromycin that result from __________ of CYP3A4.
inhibition
terfenadine metabolites to ____________ by CYP3A4 oxidation .
fexofenadine
bismuth
H pylori 표적 약
metronidazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin
H.pylori 표적약
famotidine
H2 blocker
nizatidine
H2 blocker
____________ syndrome increased levels of the hormone gastrin are produced at the non- beta cell islet tumor of pancreas. —> 이때 사용하는 약은?
zollinger-ellison , H2 blocker
GERD?
gastroesophageal reflux disease , 역류성 식도염
__________ is a less sedating H1 blocker with fewer autonomic effects.
chlorpheniramine
_____________, a strongly sedating H1 blocker, is available over- the- counter in many sleep-aid formulations and in Diclegis (in combination with pyridoxine) for use in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
Doxylamine
sumatriptan
migraine 약, 5-HT1 agonist
mosapride
5-HT4 partial agonist, 위장관 운동 촉진
trazodone, risperidone
5-HT2 blocker, 항우울약
ondansetron
5-HT3 blocker, 항구토약
Locaserin
5-HT2c agonist,비만치료약
Serotonin is metabolized by _________, and the intermediate product, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, is further oxidized by aldehyded hydrogenase to _________.
MAO, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)
24-hour excretion of 5-HIAA can used as a diagnostic test for tumors that synthesize excessive quantities of serotonin, especially _______________.
carcinoid tumor
__________syndrome includes flushing and diarrhea, and less frequently, heart failure and bronchocontriction.
carcinoid
there are seven types 5-HT receptors that are GPCR except _______.
3, ligand-gated ion channel
______ is somatodendritic autoreceptor, activates a receptor -operated K+ channel and inhibits a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel.
5-HT1A.
buspirone
5-HT1A partial agonist 항우울제
___________ inhibits 5-HT release and regulates the release of dopamine at axonal terminals and functions as an autoreceptor on axon terminals.
5-HT1D/1B
triptan
5-HT-1B/1D agonists, 편두통약
The effects of 5-HT on smooth muscle and platelets, which have been known for many years, are mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor, as are some of the behavioral effects of agents such as _____________.
LSD(lysergic acid diethylamide)
lorcaserin
식욕억제제이고 5-HT2C agonist, 현재는 withdraw
trazodone, risperidone
5-HT2 blocker로 depression, schizophrenia, migraine headache에 사용함
metoclopramide, domperidone의 기능
anticholinergic
metoclopramide, cisapride, mosapride
5-HT4 parital agonist, 위장관 운동 촉진
Ramelteon, Tasimelteon, Agomelatine
MT1,MT2 agonist, agomelatine은 동시에 5-HT2C blocker여서 MDD에도 사용하기도
buspirone, Ipsaperone (수용체, 임상용도)
5-HT1A partial agonist, anxiety&depression
sumatriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan (수용체, 임상용도)
5-HT1D agonist, migraine
methysergide, ketanserin, trazodone, risperidone (수용체, 임상용도)
5-HT2A/2C antagonist, migraine & depression & schizophrenia
lorcaserin (수용체, 임상용도)
5-HT2C agonist, antiobesity drug
cisapride, mosapride, tegaserod (수용체, 임상용도)
5-HT4 agonist, GI disorder, IBS(irritable bowel syndrome)
fluoxetine, sertraline (수용체, 임상용도)
5-HT transporter inhibitor, depression
______ is released into the meningeal circulation during a migraine attack and that antagonists of this peptide such as ______are extremely effective in aborting attacks.
CGRP(calcitonin gene-related peptide), ubrogepant
________, developed by Eli Lilly, is a humanized monoclonal antibody which targets CGRO, used for the prevention of migraiine.
Galcanezumab
______ targets the CGRP receptor.
erenumab
_________ and its congeners are currently first-line therapy for acute severe migraine attacks in most patients.
however, they should not be used in patients at risk for coronary artery disease.
sumatripatan
______ is a serotonin receptor agonist that selectively binds to the 5-HT1F receptor subtype. few side effects related to vasoconstriction compared to triptans in susceptible peole such as those with ischemic heart diesases, Raynaud’s phenomenon~
lasmiditan
______ : ergot alkaloids, clinical applications are postpartum bleeding and migraine headache.
Ergonovine
ergotamine
migraine and cluster headache