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gastrointestinal pharmacology > histamine, serotonine and ergot alkaloids > Flashcards

histamine, serotonine and ergot alkaloids Flashcards

1
Q

______ can be lifesacing in systemic anaphylaxis. opposite smooth muscle action.

A

epinephrine

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2
Q

________ reduces the degranulation of mast cells that results from immunologic triggering by antigen- IgE interaction.

A

cromolyn sodium, azelastine, ketotifen

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3
Q

H1 blocker의 clinical uses?

A
  1. 알러지 2. 감기 3. 멀미약, 수면유도 4. 마취약(local anesthetic effect)
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4
Q

diphenhydramine, promethazine

A

1세대 H1 blocker

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5
Q

cetrizine

A

2세대 H1 blocker

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6
Q

loratadine

A

2세대 H1 blocker

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7
Q

fexofenadine

A

2세대 H1 blocker

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8
Q

1세대 H1 blocker인 diphenhydramine, promethazine은 __________effect로 motion sickness에 사용한다.

A

anticholinergic

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9
Q

azelastine, ketotifen

A

master cell-stabilizing effects + H1 receptor blocking

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10
Q

h1 blocker 의 AE는?

A

sedation, dryness of the mouth, leathal ventricular arrhythmias

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11
Q

astemizole, terfenadine

A

초기 2세대 H1 blocker

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12
Q

astemizole, terfenadine in combination with ketoconazole, itraconazole, or macrolide antibitics such as erythromycin that result from __________ of CYP3A4.

A

inhibition

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13
Q

terfenadine metabolites to ____________ by CYP3A4 oxidation .

A

fexofenadine

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14
Q

bismuth

A

H pylori 표적 약

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15
Q

metronidazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin

A

H.pylori 표적약

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16
Q

famotidine

A

H2 blocker

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17
Q

nizatidine

A

H2 blocker

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18
Q

____________ syndrome increased levels of the hormone gastrin are produced at the non- beta cell islet tumor of pancreas. —> 이때 사용하는 약은?

A

zollinger-ellison , H2 blocker

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19
Q

GERD?

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease , 역류성 식도염

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20
Q

__________ is a less sedating H1 blocker with fewer autonomic effects.

A

chlorpheniramine

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21
Q

_____________, a strongly sedating H1 blocker, is available over- the- counter in many sleep-aid formulations and in Diclegis (in combination with pyridoxine) for use in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

A

Doxylamine

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22
Q

sumatriptan

A

migraine 약, 5-HT1 agonist

23
Q

mosapride

A

5-HT4 partial agonist, 위장관 운동 촉진

24
Q

trazodone, risperidone

A

5-HT2 blocker, 항우울약

25
Q

ondansetron

A

5-HT3 blocker, 항구토약

26
Q

Locaserin

A

5-HT2c agonist,비만치료약

27
Q

Serotonin is metabolized by _________, and the intermediate product, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, is further oxidized by aldehyded hydrogenase to _________.

A

MAO, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)

28
Q

24-hour excretion of 5-HIAA can e used as adiagnostic test for tumors that synthesize excessive quantities of serotonin, especially _______________.

A

carcinoid tumor

29
Q

__________syndrome includes flushing and diarrhea, and less frequently, heart failure and bronchocontriction.

A

carcinoid

30
Q

there are seven types 5-HT receptors that are GPCR except _______.

A

3, ligand-gated ion channel

31
Q

______ is somatodendritic autoreceptor, activates a receptor -operated K+ channel and inhibits a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel.

A

5-HT1A.

32
Q

buspirone

A

5-HT1A partial agonist 항우울제

33
Q

___________ inhibits 5-HT release and regulates the release of dopamine at axonal terminals and functions as an autoreceptor on axon terminals.

A

5-HT1D/1B

34
Q

triptan

A

5-HT-1B/1D agonists, 편두통약

35
Q

The effects of 5-HT on smooth muscle and platelets, which have been known for many years, are mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor, as are some of the behavioral effects of agents such as _____________.

A

LSD(lysergic acid diethylamide)

36
Q

lorcaserin

A

식욕억제제이고 5-HT2C agonist, 현재는 withdraw

37
Q

trazodone, risperidone

A

5-HT2 blocker로 depression, schizophrenia, migraine headache에 사용함

38
Q

metoclopramide, domperidone의 기능

A

anticholinergic

39
Q

metoclopramide, cisapride, mosapride

A

5-HT4 parital agonist, 위장관 운동 촉진

40
Q

Ramelteon, Tasimelteon, Agomelatine

A

MT1,MT2 agonist, agomelatine은 동시에 5-HT2C blocker여서 MDD에도 사용하기도

41
Q

buspirone, Ipsaperone (수용체, 임상용도)

A

5-HT1A partial agonist, anxiety&depression

42
Q

sumatriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan (수용체, 임상용도)

A

5-HT1D agonist, migraine

43
Q

methysergide, ketanserin, trazodone, risperidone (수용체, 임상용도)

A

5-HT2A/2C antagonist, migraine & depression & schizophrenia

44
Q

lorcaserin (수용체, 임상용도)

A

5-HT2C agonist, antiobesity drug

45
Q

cisapride, mosapride, tegaserod (수용체, 임상용도)

A

5-HT4 agonist, GI disorder, IBS(irritable bowel syndrome)

46
Q

fluoxetine, sertraline (수용체, 임상용도)

A

5-HT transporter inhibitor, depression

47
Q

______ is released into the meningeal circulation during a migraine attack and that antagonists of this peptide such as ______are extremely effective in aborting attacks.

A

CGRP(calcitonin gene-related peptide), ubrogepant

48
Q

________, developed by Eli Lilly, is a humanized monoclonal antibody which targets CGRO, used for the prevention of migraiine.

A

Galcanezumab

49
Q

______ targets the CGRP receptor.

A

erenumab

50
Q

_________ and its congeners are currently first-line therapy for acute severe migraine attacks in most patients.
however, they should not be used in patients at risk for coronary artery disease.

A

sumatripatan

51
Q

______ is a serotonin receptor agonist that selectively binds to the 5-HT1F receptor subtype. few side effects related to vasoconstriction compared to triptans in susceptible peole such as those with ischemic heart diesases, Raynaud’s phenomenon~

A

lasmiditan

52
Q

______ : ergot alkaloids, clinical applications are postpartum bleeding and migraine headache.

A

Ergonovine

53
Q

ergotamine

A

migraine and cluster headache

gastrointestinal pharmacology (5 decks)

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