항암제 Flashcards by 지원 박

Hodgkin’s lymphoma 항암 치료 2가지

MOPP, ABVD

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MOPP

Mechlorethamine, vincristine(Oncovin), Procarbazine, Prednisone

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ABVD

Adriamycin(doxorubicin). Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine

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Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

CHOP

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what is CHOP ?

Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin(doxorubicin), vincristine(Oncovin), Prednisone

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What is acute lymphocytic leukemia combination drug?

POMP

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POMP?

Prednisone, Vincristine(Oncovin), Methotrexate, Purinethol(mercaptopurine)

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what is colorectal cancer combination drug?

FolFox/Folfiri

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Defects in the mismatch repair enzyme family gives rise to resistance to unrelated anticancer agents, including the __________, __________, and ______________.

fluoropyrimidines, thiopurines, cisplatin/carboplatin

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hMSH2

mistmatch repair enzyme

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methotrexate(MTX)

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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Capecitabine

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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6-Mercaptopurine(6-MP)

anticancer drug, antimetabolites(purine analogues)

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6-Thioguanine(6-TG)

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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Cytarabine

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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Gemcitabine

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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Paclitaxel은 cell cycle의 어떤 phase을 막나?

M phase

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vinca alkaloids인 vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine은 cell cycle의 어떤 phase을 막나?

M phase

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alkylating agents는 cell cycle의 어떤 phase에 붙너?

cell cycle-Nonspecific agents

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MTX MOA: binding with high affinity to the active catalytic site of __________, decreasing the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate(THF)

dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

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______________ is used in conjunction with high-dose MTX therapy to rescue normal cells from undue toxicity, and it has also been used in cases of accidental drug overdose.

Leucovorin rescue

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One of these metabolites, _________, forms a covalently ternary complex with the enzyme thymidlate synthase and the reduced folate 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a reaction critical for the de novo synthesis of thymidylate. This results in inhibition of DNA synthesis through “thyminelss death”.

FdUMP

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5-FU is converted to _____________, which is then incorporated into RNA, where it interferes with RNA processing and mRNA translation.

FUTP

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5-FU is also converted to _______________, which can be incorporated into cellular DNA, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function.

FdUTP

____________ is also used in combination with the chemotherapy agent 5-FU in treating colon cancer.

Leucovorin

________ enhances the effect of 5-FU by inhibiting thymidylate synthase.

Leucovorin

FOLFOX의 구성은?

FOLinic acid(Leucovorin)m 5-Fu, OXaliplatin

5-FU의 unique한 AE는?

hand-foot syndrome

_________ is used as a first-line treatment alone for pancreatic cancer.

Gemcitabine

6-MP의 항암효과를 높여주는 약물과 그 이유는?

allopurinol, XO inhibitor로서 6-MP의 작용을 높여줌, 따라서 같이 사용시 6-MP의 용량을 낮춰야함

___________, a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is frequently used in the treatment of acute leukemias to prevent the development of hyperuricemia that often occurs with tumor cell lysis.

allopurinol

Both 6-MP and 6-TG are salvaged by the __________ of immune effector cells.

HPRT(hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase)

Doxorubicin

anticancer drug, anthracycline, inhibition of topoisomerase 2

Daunorubicin

anticancer drug, Anthracycline

Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin에서 주목해야할 delayed toxicity는?

Cardiotoxicity

The cardiotoxicity is associated with the free radical mechanism. Treatment with the iron-chelating agent _______________ is currently approved to prevent or reduce anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

dexrazoxane

_____________ is dose-limiting for bleomycin and usually presents as peneumonitis with cough, dyspnea, dry inspiratory crackles on phsical examination, and infiltrates on chest x-ray.

Pulmonary toxicity

___________ acts by binding to DNA, which results in single-strand and double-strand breaks following free radical formation, and inhibitiono of DNA biosynthesis.

Bleomycin

Mitomycin C

anticancer drug, alkylating agent

_____________ , manifested as microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure, as well as occasional instances of interstitial pneumonitis have been reported.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Cyclophosphamide

anticancer drug, (classical) alkylating agent

Mechlorethamine

anticancer drug, (classical) alkylating agent

Nitrosourea

anticancer drug, (classical) alkylating agent

procabazine

anticancer drug, (nonclassical) alkylating agent

Dacarbazine

anticancer drug, (nonclassical) alkylating agent

alopecia and hemoorhagic cystitis occasionally occur with ___________; cystitis can be prevented with adequate hydration. (물을 공급해서 빠르게 배출해내겠다, Acrolein을 해독시키는 해독제을 사용)

Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide에서 출혈성 방광염을 일으키는 물질(acrolein)을 해독시키는 해독제는?

Mesna

다음과 같은 특성을 지닌 약은? -one naturally occurring sugar-containing nitrosourea -minimal bone marrow toxicity -treatment of insulin-secreting islet cell carcinoma of pancreas

Streptozocin

___________ is administered parenterally(비경구적으로) and is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, soft tisuue sarcomas, and neuroblastoma.

Dacarbazine//anticancer drug, (nonclassical) alkylating agent

다음과 같은 특성을 지닌 약은? -an imidazotetrazine derivative of decarbazine. -for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.(교모세포종)

Temozolomide

Cisplatin

anticancer drug, alkylating agent, Platinum analogs

Carboplatin

anticancer drug, alkylating agent, Platinum analogs

Oxaliplatin

anticancer drug, alkylating agent, Platinum analogs

• an imidazotetrazine derivative of dacarbazine. • for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme

Temozolomide

*Tumors that are resistant to cisplatin or carboplatin on the basis of mismatch repair defects are not cross resistant to__________, and this finding may explain the activity of this platinum compound in colorectal cancer.

oxaliplatin

Paclitaxel and Docetaxel AE: Hypersensitivity reactions (up to 5% of patients) - associated with the solvent _______________.

Cremophor EL

A novel albumin-bound paclitaxel formulation, Less myelosuppression and neurotoxicity compared with paclitaxel.

Abraxane

- binds directly to b-tubulin subunits on microtubules, leading to inhibition of normal microtubule dynamics (a novel microtubule-stabilizing agent) -activity in drug-resistant tumors that overexpress P-glycoprotein or tubulin mutations.

Ixabepilone

A prodrug that is converted mainly in the liver by the carboxylesterase enzyme to the SN-38 metabolite, which is 1000-fold more potent. Inhibition of topoisomerase I.

Irinotecan

Inhibition of topoisomerase II, which results in DNA damage through strand breakage induced by the formation of a ternary complex of drug, DNA, and enzyme.

Etoposide

Hydrolysis of blood asparagine → ↓asparagine in tumor cells sed for the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in combination with vincristine, methotrexate, and prednisone. AE: Hepatotoxicity (due to ammonium toxicity)

L-Asparaginase

특정 세포에는 BCR-ABL kinase가 엄청나게 증가한 것을 확인하였고, 그것을 표적으로 하는 kinase inhibitor인 _________(상품명 glibec)을 개발하게 되었다

imatininb

an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase domain of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein → prevents phosphorylation of the kinase substrate by ATP. the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by the t(9:22) Philadelphia chromosomal translocation.

Imatinib (GLEEVEC)

___________ overcome imatinib resistance resulting from mutations in the BCR-Abl kinase.

Dasatinib/Nilotinib

임상: non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) MOA: inhibits EGFR tyrosin kinase leading to inhibition of EGFR signaling

Gefitinib (IRESSA)

mAb that attaches to CD20 protein on B cells B cell의 성장을 억제

Rituximab (RITUXEN)

Her2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 breast cancer patient

Trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN)

a member of histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors. the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) when the disease persists, gets worse, or comes back during or after treatment with other medicines.

Vorinostat (ZOLINZA)

⚫ a chemical analogue of cytidine, a nucleoside present in DNA and RNA. ⚫ used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome .

5-Azacitidine / Decitabine

___________acts as a false substrate and potent inhibitor of methyltransferases leading to reduction of DNA methylation — affecting the way cell regulation proteins are able to bind to the DNA/RNA substrate

Azacitidine