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final pharmacology > 항암제 > Flashcards

항암제 Flashcards

1
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma 항암 치료 2가지

A

MOPP, ABVD

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2
Q

MOPP

A

Mechlorethamine, vincristine(Oncovin), Procarbazine, Prednisone

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3
Q

ABVD

A

Adriamycin(doxorubicin). Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine

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4
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

CHOP

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5
Q

what is CHOP ?

A

Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin(doxorubicin), vincristine(Oncovin), Prednisone

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6
Q

What is acute lymphocytic leukemia combination drug?

A

POMP

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7
Q

POMP?

A

Prednisone, Vincristine(Oncovin), Methotrexate, Purinethol(mercaptopurine)

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8
Q

what is colorectal cancer combination drug?

A

FolFox/Folfiri

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9
Q

Defects in the mismatch repair enzyme family gives rise to resistance to unrelated anticancer agents, including the __________, __________, and ______________.

A

fluoropyrimidines, thiopurines, cisplatin/carboplatin

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10
Q

hMSH2

A

mistmatch repair enzyme

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11
Q

methotrexate(MTX)

A

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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12
Q

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)

A

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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13
Q

Capecitabine

A

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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14
Q

6-Mercaptopurine(6-MP)

A

anticancer drug, antimetabolites(purine analogues)

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15
Q

6-Thioguanine(6-TG)

A

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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16
Q

Cytarabine

A

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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17
Q

Gemcitabine

A

anticancer drug, antimetabolites

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18
Q

Paclitaxel은 cell cycle의 어떤 phase을 막나?

A

M phase

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19
Q

vinca alkaloids인 vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine은 cell cycle의 어떤 phase을 막나?

A

M phase

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20
Q

alkylating agents는 cell cycle의 어떤 phase에 붙너?

A

cell cycle-Nonspecific agents

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21
Q

MTX MOA: binding with high affinity to the active catalytic site of __________, decreasing the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate(THF)

A

dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

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22
Q

______________ is used in conjunction with high-dose MTX therapy to rescue normal cells from undue toxicity, and it has also been used in cases of accidental drug overdose.

A

Leucovorin rescue

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23
Q

One of these metabolites, _________, forms a covalently ternary complex with the enzyme thymidlate synthase and the reduced folate 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a reaction critical for the de novo synthesis of thymidylate. This results in inhibition of DNA synthesis through “thyminelss death”.

A

FdUMP

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24
Q

5-FU is converted to _____________, which is then incorporated into RNA, where it interferes with RNA processing and mRNA translation.

A

FUTP

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25
Q

5-FU is also converted to _______________, which can be incorporated into cellular DNA, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function.

A

FdUTP

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26
Q

____________ is also used in combination with the chemotherapy agent 5-FU in treating colon cancer.

A

Leucovorin

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27
Q

________ enhances the effect of 5-FU by inhibiting thymidylate synthase.

A

Leucovorin

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28
Q

FOLFOX의 구성은?

A

FOLinic acid(Leucovorin)m 5-Fu, OXaliplatin

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29
Q

5-FU의 unique한 AE는?

A

hand-foot syndrome

30
Q

_________ is used as a first-line treatment alone for pancreatic cancer.

A

Gemcitabine

31
Q

6-MP의 항암효과를 높여주는 약물과 그 이유는?

A

allopurinol, XO inhibitor로서 6-MP의 작용을 높여줌, 따라서 같이 사용시 6-MP의 용량을 낮춰야함

32
Q

___________, a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is frequently used in the treatment of acute leukemias to prevent the development of hyperuricemia that often occurs with tumor cell lysis.

A

allopurinol

33
Q

Both 6-MP and 6-TG are salvaged by the __________ of immune effector cells.

A

HPRT(hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase)

34
Q

Doxorubicin

A

anticancer drug, anthracycline, inhibition of topoisomerase 2

35
Q

Daunorubicin

A

anticancer drug, Anthracycline

36
Q

Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin에서 주목해야할 delayed toxicity는?

A

Cardiotoxicity

37
Q

The cardiotoxicity is associated with the free radical mechanism. Treatment with the iron-chelating agent _______________ is currently approved to prevent or reduce anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

A

dexrazoxane

38
Q

_____________ is dose-limiting for bleomycin and usually presents as peneumonitis with cough, dyspnea, dry inspiratory crackles on phsical examination, and infiltrates on chest x-ray.

A

Pulmonary toxicity

39
Q

___________ acts by binding to DNA, which results in single-strand and double-strand breaks following free radical formation, and inhibitiono of DNA biosynthesis.

40
Q

Mitomycin C

A

anticancer drug, alkylating agent

41
Q

_____________ , manifested as microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure, as well as occasional instances of interstitial pneumonitis have been reported.

A

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

42
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

anticancer drug, (classical) alkylating agent

43
Q

Mechlorethamine

A

anticancer drug, (classical) alkylating agent

44
Q

Nitrosourea

A

anticancer drug, (classical) alkylating agent

45
Q

procabazine

A

anticancer drug, (nonclassical) alkylating agent

46
Q

Dacarbazine

A

anticancer drug, (nonclassical) alkylating agent

47
Q

alopecia and hemoorhagic cystitis occasionally occur with ___________; cystitis can be prevented with adequate hydration. (물을 공급해서 빠르게 배출해내겠다, Acrolein을 해독시키는 해독제을 사용)

A

Cyclophosphamide

48
Q

Cyclophosphamide에서 출혈성 방광염을 일으키는 물질(acrolein)을 해독시키는 해독제는?

49
Q

다음과 같은 특성을 지닌 약은?
-one naturally occurring sugar-containing nitrosourea
-minimal bone marrow toxicity
-treatment of insulin-secreting islet cell carcinoma of pancreas

A

Streptozocin

50
Q

___________ is administered parenterally(비경구적으로) and is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, soft tisuue sarcomas, and neuroblastoma.

A

Dacarbazine//anticancer drug, (nonclassical) alkylating agent

51
Q

다음과 같은 특성을 지닌 약은?
-an imidazotetrazine derivative of decarbazine.
-for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.(교모세포종)

A

Temozolomide

52
Q

Cisplatin

A

anticancer drug, alkylating agent, Platinum analogs

53
Q

Carboplatin

A

anticancer drug, alkylating agent, Platinum analogs

54
Q

Oxaliplatin

A

anticancer drug, alkylating agent, Platinum analogs

55
Q

• an imidazotetrazine derivative of dacarbazine.
• for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme

A

Temozolomide

56
Q

*Tumors that are resistant to cisplatin or carboplatin on the basis of mismatch repair defects are not cross resistant to__________, and this
finding may explain the activity of this platinum compound in colorectal cancer.

A

oxaliplatin

57
Q

Paclitaxel and Docetaxel AE: Hypersensitivity reactions (up to 5% of patients) - associated with the solvent _______________.

A

Cremophor EL

58
Q

A novel albumin-bound paclitaxel formulation, Less myelosuppression and neurotoxicity compared with paclitaxel.

59
Q
  • binds directly to b-tubulin subunits on microtubules, leading to inhibition of normal microtubule dynamics
    (a novel microtubule-stabilizing agent)
    -activity in drug-resistant tumors that overexpress P-glycoprotein or tubulin mutations.
A

Ixabepilone

60
Q

A prodrug that is converted mainly in the liver by the carboxylesterase enzyme to the SN-38 metabolite, which is 1000-fold more potent.

Inhibition of topoisomerase I.

A

Irinotecan

61
Q

Inhibition of topoisomerase II, which results in DNA damage through strand breakage induced by the formation of a ternary complex of drug, DNA, and enzyme.

62
Q

Hydrolysis of blood asparagine →
↓asparagine in tumor cells

sed for the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in combination with vincristine, methotrexate, and prednisone.

AE: Hepatotoxicity (due to ammonium toxicity)

A

L-Asparaginase

63
Q

특정 세포에는 BCR-ABL kinase가 엄청나게 증가한 것을 확인하였고, 그것을 표적으로 하는 kinase inhibitor인
_________(상품명 glibec)을 개발하게 되었다

64
Q

an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase domain of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein → prevents phosphorylation of the kinase substrate by ATP.

the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by the t(9:22) Philadelphia chromosomal translocation.

A

Imatinib (GLEEVEC)

65
Q

___________ overcome imatinib resistance resulting from mutations in the BCR-Abl kinase.

A

Dasatinib/Nilotinib

66
Q

임상: non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)
MOA: inhibits EGFR tyrosin kinase leading to inhibition of EGFR signaling

A

Gefitinib (IRESSA)

67
Q

mAb that attaches to CD20 protein on B cells
B cell의 성장을 억제

A

Rituximab (RITUXEN)

68
Q

Her2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

breast cancer patient

A

Trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN)

69
Q

a member of histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors.

the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) when the disease persists, gets worse, or comes back during or after treatment with other medicines.

A

Vorinostat (ZOLINZA)

70
Q

⚫ a chemical analogue of cytidine, a nucleoside present in DNA and RNA.
⚫ used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome .

A

5-Azacitidine / Decitabine

71
Q

___________acts as a false substrate and potent inhibitor of methyltransferases leading to reduction of DNA methylation — affecting the way cell regulation proteins are able to bind to the DNA/RNA substrate

A

Azacitidine

72
Q

___________acts as a false substrate and potent inhibitor of methyltransferases leading to reduction of DNA methylation — affecting the way cell regulation proteins are able to bind to the DNA/RNA substrate

A

Azacitidine

final pharmacology (6 decks)

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