HIS LEC Flashcards by Reign A. E.

Any Combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conducive to health.

Health Education (Greene et al, 1980)

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A state of well being

Wellness

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-self responsibility
-an ultimate goal
-a dynamic, growing process
-daily decision making in the areas of nutrition
-stress management
-physical fitness
-preventive health care
-emotional health
-whole being of the individual

Basic Aspects of wellness

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6 Dimensions of Health

Physical
Social
Spiritual
Environmental
Emotional
Intellectual

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-The ability to carry out daily task, achieve fitness
-maintain adequate nutrition and proper body fat
-avoid abusing drugs and alcohol or using tobacco products
-generally practice positive lifestyle habits

Physical

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-Ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment of which each person is a part
-to develop and maintain intimacy with significant other
-and develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinions and beliefs

Social

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Ability to manage stress and to express emotions appropriately

Emotional

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Ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, and career development

Intellectual

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Belief in some force (nature, science, religion, or a higher power)

Spiritual

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Ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure

Occupational

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Ability to promote health measures that improves the standard of living and quality of life in the community (food, water, and air)

Environment

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Person’s perceived level of wellness-illness

Health and Illness Continuum

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Models of Health and Illness

Agent-Host-Environment Model
Health-Illness Continuum
High-Level Wellness Model
Health belief model
Health promotion Model

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Is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease

Health-Illness (WHO, 1974)

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Any environmental factor for illness to occur

-Lack of essential nutrients
-Chemical Substance

Agent

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Persons who may or may not be at risk of acquiring a disease

Living organisms capable of being infected or affected by an agent

Host

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All factors external to the host that make illness more or less likely

-Climate
-Living Condition
-Cultural Factors

Environment

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Functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and a purposeful direction in the environment

High- Level Wellness Model
Halbert Dunn(1961)

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Is a more active state oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual, regardless of his state of health. A passive state wherein the person is not ill.

Wellness, Halbert Dunn (1961)

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Perceived Threat & Outcome expectations = self efficacy

The health belief Model (Rosenstock, 1974)

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Illustrates how people interact with
environment as they pursue- health.
Incorporates -individual, experiences, behavior specific knowlegdge, beliefs

The health promotion Model (Pender, 2002)

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Major areas of risk factors

Age
Genetic Factors
Physiologic Factors
Health Habits
Lifestyle
Environment

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-school aged children are at high risk of communicable disease
-After menopause women are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases

Age

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Family members history to cancer, DM, predisposes a person to developing the disease

Genetic Factors

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-Obesity increases possibilty of heart disease

Physiologic Factors

-smoking increases The probability of lung cancer

Health Habit's

Multiple sexual relationship increase the risk for STI

Lifestyle

Working and living environments may contribute to disease

Environment

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family (food, clothing, housing, medical care)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 25, Section 1

The state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health. Development which shall endeavor to make essential goods and other social services available at affordable costs

Philippine Constitution of 1987

Believes that the governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures.

World Health Organization (1995)

3 Basic Positive Concepts (WHO, 1995)

A.) Reflective concern for the individual as a total person B.) Placing health in the context of the environment C.) Equating health with productive and creative living

There is a pathologic change in the structure of function of the body/mind

Disease

Is the response of the person to a disease

Illness

created the Agent- Host- Environment Model

Leavell and Clark (1965)

is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being not being merely the absence of the disease and infirmity

Health

A multitude of services provided to the individuals/ communities by agents of the healthcare services or professions for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, monitoring or restoring health

Health Care

that service provided by the physician or rendered by the physician's instructions, which ranges from domiciliary care to resident hospital care.

Medical Care

is the sum total of all the organizations, institutions and resources whose primary purpose is to improve health.

Health System

A Health System needs

Staff Funds information supplies transport communications guidance and direction

Health system needs to provide services that are responsive and financially ______, while treating people _____________

fair, decently

Problems with health systems are not confined to ________________________

Poor Countries

Some rich countries have large populations without access to care because of ____________________________

inequitable arrangements for social protection

Others are struggling with escalating costs because of ___________________

inefficient use of resources

GOVERNANCE, GOVERNMENTS, POLICY, OBJECTIVES

Stewardship

Adequate funding, Right Financial Incentives, Preventive and Personal Health Care

Financing

Knowledge, Skills, Motivation and Distribution

Workforce

Accountability, Resource Allocation, Program Improvement and Management Decisions

Information

Creation, Sharing, Effective Application of Knowledge

Knowledge

Availability, Quality, Efficacy, Safety, Rational Use of Drugs

Drugs and Technology

Many Unanswered Questions, Analysis, and Learning

Research

Customer Feedback, Support, Innovative, Quality, Excellent, Friendly

Service Delivery

Strengthening Health Systems

Health and Development

Reducing Health Inequities, Health is a fundamental Human Right

Equity

An increase in effective services to all people in need, including service delivery management and support

WHO Support

The world's most information- intense industry, Complexity and uncertainties inherent in this sector

Health Care

"GLUE" that links health information to the health care delivery system

Health Information Management

Critically necessary tool, BUT NOT SUFFICIENT for ensuring effective management support

Information Technology

Strongly influence quality and efficiency of health care

Health Information System

Technical progress offers advanced opportunities to support health care

Health Information System

the significance of information systems for health care?

Information Processing

A. Information quality factor, but an enormous cost factor ( productivity factor) B. Should offer a holistic view of the patient and of the hospital C. MEMORY and NERVOUS system of the Hospital

Information Processing

may lead to erroneous and even harmful treatment decisions

Incorrect reports

have to be searched, and the cost of health care may increase

Repeated Examinations or Lost Findings

enabling health care professionals to access the information needed and to make sound decisions

Information should be documented adequately

In general clinical patient-related information should be available __________, and it should be _________ and ___________

ON TIME, UP-TO-DATE, VALID

2007 Data states that OECD spent between ____ and _____ of their total gross domestic product for health care

6%, 15%

- 2007 Data states that OECD spent between 6% and 15% of their total gross domestic product for health care - Computer- based and non-computer based information

Information as a cost factor

______________ century of information technology or information society

21st Century

- Century of information technology or information society - Informatics and Information and communication technology (ICT) are playing a key role

Information as a productivity factor

ration of output and input

PRODUCTIVITY

Ratio of number of cases and full time employees

Hospital based productivity

Information, processing in a hospital should offer a comprehensive, ________________________ and the hospital

holistic view of the patient

can reduce undesired consequences of highly specialized medicine with various departments and health care professionals involved in patient care

Holistic View of the Patient

- comprising the information processing and storage in a hospital to a certain extent can be compared to the information processing of human being - Also receives, transmits, processes, stores, and present information

HIS as Memory and Nervous System

example of the Hospital's memory and nervous system

Paper-based patient record archive

Information and Communication Technology

- Impact on quality of care - Impact on economics - Changing health care

- computer supported information systems - clinical documentation and knowledge-based decision support system

Impact on Quality of Health Care

ICT worldwide market volume is nearly ______ in 2009 with a growth rate of about ____ per year

2.5 Trillion Euros, 5%

- Major Factors for quality and efficiency of health care - ICT in health care also emerged to a leading industry - Increase in economic relevance (in health care)

Impact on economics

Importance of systematic information management

- All groups of people and all areas of a hospital is considerable - The amount of information processing in hospitals is considerable - Health care professional frequently work with the same data

Information Processing (summary)

- Is an important quality factor, but an enormous cost factor as well - Is becoming a productivity factor - Should offer a holistic view of the patient and of the hospital