Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MLS-1C 1stSem (UIC) > ETHICS > Flashcards

ETHICS Flashcards

1
Q

comes from the Greek word “ethos”

A

Ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“ethos” (meaning)

A

character or customs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

According to “The American ethos” or “The Business ethos” we use the word ethos to refer to the distinguish ____________________________

A

disposition, character, attitude of specific people, culture or group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to Solomon, the etymology of ethics suggests?

A
  • Individual character
  • The social rules that governs and limit our conduct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

refers to human conduct and values while ethics refers to study of those areas

A

Morality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, human conduct in
business context. See examples in book

A

Business Ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Any organization whose objective is to provide goods and services for profit

A

Business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

They are those who participate in planning, organizing or directing the work of business

A

Business Persons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It is a group of people working together to achieve a common purpose

A

Organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

they concern behavior that is of serious consequence to
human welfare, that can profoundly injure or benefit peoples

A

Moral Standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

take priority over other standards, including self interest

A

Moral Standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

refers to any special code of behavior or courtesy e.g. It is usually considered bad _____________ to chew with one’s mouth open

A

Etiquettes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If we violate the rules of etiquettes that we have read in the books then we rightly considered as __________________ but not necessary immoral

A

ill-mannered, impolite or even un-civilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The law which is enacted by legislative bodies e.g. The law that prohibit theft

A

Statutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Limited in their knowledge legislatures often set up boards or agencies whose functions include issuing detailed __________ of certain kind of conduct

A

Regulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It refers to law applied in the English speaking world when there were few statutes.
Courts frequently wrote opinions explaining the bases of their decision in specific cases, including the
legal principles they deemed appropriate.

A

Common Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

It refers to court rulings on the constitutionality of any law.

A

Constitutional Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Helping a Jewish family to hide from the Nazis was against German
Law 1939, but it would have been a morally admirable thing to have done

A

An action can be illegal but morally right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It may have been perfectly legal for the chairman of a profitable company to layoff 125 workers and use three- quarters of the money saved to boost his pay and that of the company’s other top manager, but morality of his doing is so open to debate

A

An action that is legal can be morally wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Somewhere between etiquettes and law lies professional codes of ethics. These are the rules that
are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession. Generally speaking, the
members of a profession are understood to have agreed to abide by those rules as a condition of
their engaging in that profession.

A

Professional Codes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

come from issues taught and passed down from person to person.

A

Morals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

all morals come from ______

A

Religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is the theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one’s culture. That is, whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced. The same action may be morally right in one society but be morally wrong in another

A

Ethical Relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Albert Carr in a essay _________________argues that a business, as practiced by individuals as
well as corporations, has the impersonal character of a game – a game that demands both special strategy
and an understanding of its special ethical standards.

A

“Is Business Bluffing Ethical”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The inner sense of what is right or wrong in one’s conduct or motives, impelling one toward right action

A

Conscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the complex of ethical and moral principles that controls or inhibits the actions or thoughts of an individual

A

Conscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

is a situation
where an agent’s obligations
conflict.

A

moral dilemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A situation in which,
whatever choice is made, the
agent commits a moral wrong.

A

Moral Dilemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

These cases also suggest that dilemmas are significant because they show that ______________ cannot help with these choices.

A

moral theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

STEPS TO SOLVE DILEMMA

A
  1. Establish the facts surrounding the ethical dilemma.
  2. Determine your legal obligations
    and duties.
  3. Establish the interested participants
    involved.
  4. Determine the ethical values of each participant.
  5. Consider normative ethical theories as an aide to determine a course of action.
  6. Consider options that would be ethically sound.
  7. Consideration of the possible negative and positive outcomes of each possible option.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Facts are important in law enforcement. To
investigate all cases, officers must rely on facts to guard against misinformation and cognitive biases.

A
  1. Establish the facts surrounding the ethical dilemma.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

We must be sure what our professional and legal obligations are. Professional and legal obligations will likely allow us to easily decide on a course of action to take in an ethical dilemma.

A
  1. Determine your legal obligations
    and duties.
33
Q

It is important to know who will be impacted by the course of action that we decide upon. Often the primary participants are easy to identify and it is the secondary participants that are often not considered.

A
  1. Establish the interested participants
    involved.
34
Q

Determining ethical values is important to allow us an understanding of what is truly at stake. A participant in an ethical dilemma may value loyalty as the most important value.

A
  1. Determine the ethical values of each participant.
35
Q

When considering options, normative ethical theories may assist us in determining the consequences of actions, or the duties we may be obligated to follow that fall outside of the laws, rules, and procedures.

A
  1. Consider normative ethical theories as an aide to determine a course of action.
36
Q

There may be several options to consider, and each option ought to be considered critically by determining what harm it would cause and what values the person
being harmed holds.

A
  1. Consider options that would be ethically sound.
37
Q

Try to predict what may otherwise be
unintended consequences of your decision.
These consequences may not be readily
apparent, but they require a critical
analysis of the consequences of your
decision.

A
  1. Consideration of the possible negative and positive outcomes of each possible option.
38
Q

refers to the study of good and evil, right and wrong, just and unjust actions of people.

A

Ethics

39
Q

deal with certain standards of human
conduct and rules.

A

Ethics

40
Q

is the bedrock of mutual trust

A

Ethical Behavior

41
Q

Broadly, social heritage of a group (organized community or society).

A

Culture

42
Q

It is a pattern of responses discovered, developed, or invented during the group’s history of handling problems which arise from interactions among its members, and between them and their environment.

A

Culture

43
Q

determines what is acceptable or
unacceptable, important or unimportant, right or wrong, workable or unworkable.

A

Culture

44
Q

Can the ethics of our conduct be justified by an appeal to our culture?

Does culture as such make something right? Is conduct ethical because it is my culture?

A

Emphatically not.

45
Q

The three main Moral Development theories within the realm of student affairs:

A
  1. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral
    Development
  2. Gilligan’s Theory of Women’s Moral
    Development
  3. Rest’s Neo-Kohlbergian Approach.
46
Q

was an American psychologist best
known for his theory of stages of moral
development.

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

47
Q

people progressed in their moral reasoning (i.e., in their bases for ethical behavior) through a series of stages.

A

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral
Development

48
Q

moral thinking that is generally
found at the elementary school level.

A

1st Level (KTMD)

49
Q

people behave according to socially acceptable norms because they are told to do so by some authority figure. This obedience is compelled by the threat
or application of punishment.

A

1st Stage (KTMD)

50
Q

How many levels is mentioned in Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

A

3 Levels

51
Q

How many stages is mentioned in Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

A

6 Stages

52
Q

is characterized by a view that right
behavior means acting in one’s own best interests.

A

2nd Stage (KTMD)

53
Q

level that is generally found in society,

A

2nd Level (KTMD)

54
Q

Also known as Conventional Level

A

2nd Level (KTMD)

55
Q

is characterized by an attitude
which seeks to do what will gain the approval of others.

A

3rd Stage (KTMD)

56
Q

is one oriented to abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty.

A

4th Stage (KTMD)

57
Q

is one that Kohlberg felt is not reached by the majority of adults.

A

3rd Level (KTMD)

58
Q

is an understanding of social
mutuality and a genuine interest in the welfare of others.

A

5th Stage (KTMD)

59
Q

is based on respect for universal principle and the demands of individual conscience.

A

6th Stage (KTMD)

60
Q

Kohlberg always believed in the
existence of ________ and had some nominees for it, he could never get enough subjects to define it, much less observe their longitudinal movement to it.

A

6th Stage (KTMD)

61
Q

Kohlberg believed that individuals could only progress through these _____________________

A

one stage at a time.

62
Q

is an American feminist, ethicist, and
psychologist, best known for her
work on ethical community and
ethical relationships.

A

Carol Gilligan

63
Q

is a professor of Humanities and Applied
Psychology at New York University
and was a visiting professor at the
Centre for Gender Studies and
Jesus College at the University of
Cambridge until 2009.

A

Carol Gilligan

64
Q

Much of the research in
current developmental psychology is not focused on stages, and does
not assume their primacy in explaining developmental progress.

A

Gilligan’s Theory of Women’s Moral Development

65
Q

3 Major Divisions of Gilligan’s Theory of Women’s Moral Development

A
  • preconventional
  • conventional
  • post conventional.
66
Q

the transitions between the stages are fueled by _______________ rather than in changes in cognitive capability.

A

changes in the sense of self

67
Q

Kohlberg’s approach is based on

A

Piaget’s cognitive developmental model.

68
Q

Gilligan’s is based instead on

A

a modified version of Freud’s approach to ego development.

69
Q

was an American psychologist specializing in moral psychology and development.

A

James Rest

70
Q

Minnesota Group of colleagues (James Rest)

A
  • Darcia Narvaez
  • Muriel Bebeau
  • Stephen Thoma
71
Q

to the study of moral judgment development improves on
Kohlberg’s earlier theory with its more complex stage model that reflects gradual development and does not privilege justice-based moral reasoning in its definition of the highest forms of moral reasoning.

A

Rest’s Neo- Kohlbergian Approach

72
Q

defines postconventional thinking more broadly than Kohlberg by considering many philosophical bases for shared
ideals.

A

Rest’s Neo- Kohlbergian Approach

73
Q

_______________________ must simultaneously explain both the universals in the human condition and the vast array of differences between and within individuals.

A

Functional Developmental Theory

74
Q

uses schemas as opposed to hard stages to both reflect more realistic developmental trajectories and account for within-person
variation.

A

Rest’s Neo- Kohlbergian Approach

75
Q

The neo-Kohlbergian approach describes moral judgment development according to three types of reasoning, or schemas. Enumerate

A
  • Personal Interest
  • Maintaining Norms
  • Postconventional.
76
Q

reasoning involves making moral
judgments that prioritize the satisfaction of personal claims to the detriment of others’ rights and needs.

A

Personal Interest

77
Q

relies on social and legal norms to determine the best outcome in a moral dilemma.

A

Maintaining Norms

78
Q

reasoning is based on the notion that society is organized according to a set of negotiable shared ideals.

A

Postconventional.

MLS-1C 1stSem (UIC) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions