Hippocampus

Question 1

Sensory memory has _____ capacity but ______ decay

Answer 1

large, rapid

Question 2

Short term memory has _______ _______ capacity…the magic number is ____ +/- _____

Answer 2

severely limited, 7 +/- 2

Question 3

______ ______ is involved in short term memory

Answer 3

Prefrontal cortex

Question 4

Short term memory is also called _____ _______

Answer 4

working memory

Question 5

Intermediate term memory lasts for ______ and ______

Answer 5

hours, days

Question 6

Intermediate-term memory may be transferred to long term memory through _______

Answer 6

rehearsal

Question 7

The two theories to forgetting are ______ and ______

Answer 7

decay and interference

Question 8

Long term memory is separated into: 1) ______ 2) ________

Answer 8

1) Declarative (explicit memory)

2) Nondeclarative (implicit memory)

Question 9

Declarative memory includes ______ and _______

Answer 9

events and facts

Question 10

Declarative memory occurs in which part(s) of the brain?

Answer 10

Medial temporal lobe, middle diencephalon neocortex, especially the prefrontal cortex

Question 11

What are the four parts of non declarative memory?

Answer 11

1) Procedural memory
2) Perceptual representation system
3) Classical conditioning
4) Nonassociative learning

Question 12

Where is procedural memory stored?

Answer 12

BG and cerebellum

Question 13

Where is perceptual representation information stored?

Answer 13

Perceptual and association neocortex

Question 14

Where is classical conditioning stored?

Answer 14

skeletal muscle

Question 15

Where is nonassociative learning stored?

Answer 15

reflex pathways

Question 16

What two structures are involved in memory consolidation?

Answer 16

hippocampus and amygdala

Question 17

Memories are more likely to reflect ______ a person perceived the event rather than _____ actually happened

Answer 17

how, what

Question 18

What are the four main hippocampus functions?

Answer 18

1) Consolidation
2) Spatial and contextual memory
3) Detection of novel stimuli
4) Neurogenesis

Question 19

What happened to taxi drivers in London after years of working? What does this show?

Answer 19

Volume of hippocampus grew, shows that hippocampus is plastic

Question 20

How do we know where we are? How does this work?

Answer 20

place cells, these fire bursts of action potentials when animals pass through a specific part of its environment

Question 21

How can we find the way from one place to another?

Answer 21

grid cells

Question 22

How do grid cells work? Where are they found?

Answer 22

encode a cognitive representation of Euclidean space; found in entorhinal cortex

Question 23

Where are head direction cells found?

Answer 23

ER and subiculum

Question 24

Head direction cells are only active when…

Answer 24

an animal’s head points in a specific direction within an environment

Question 25

For LTP to occur, ___ ____ of stimulation is needed

Answer 25

rapid rate

Question 26

LTP _______ existing synapses and ______ new ones

Answer 26

strengthens, creates

Question 27

The three hippocampal areas are:

Answer 27

DG, CA3, CA1

Question 28

What does DG do?

Answer 28

Heteroassociative neural network: performs pattern separation by competitive learning to produce sparse representations of individual memories (Strengthens mthem)

Question 29

What does CA3 do?

Answer 29

Autoassociative neural network: 1) associates/links different memories 2) associations between any spatial location and an object or reward an 3) providdes for completing o the whole memory during recall from any part

Question 30

What does CA1 do?

Answer 30

1) creates associations between any spatial location and anan object or reward
2) changes represenation so it can be back projected to neocortex; match/mismatch detector (novelty detector(