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Cogs 107A > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebellum is an _______ _______ system.

A

Error correction

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2
Q

___________ is necessary for a representation of the desired position of the body segments in time.

A

Pre-motor cortex

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3
Q

_________ ________ cortex is also works as the execution system.

A

Posterior parietal cortex

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4
Q

Somatotopy is located in ____.

A

M1

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5
Q

There are 2 distinct somatotopically organized subregions in the pre-motor cortex. What are they?

A
  1. SMA

2. Lateral pre-motor

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6
Q

The SMA is involved in…?

A

Internally generated movement

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7
Q

The lateral pre-motor cortex is involved in…?

A

Externally guided movement

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8
Q

Which system/area is involved with mirror neurons?

A

Lateral pre-motor cortex

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9
Q

The _______ _______ cortex is involved in the sensory guidance of movement.

A

Posterior parietal cortex

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10
Q

The posterior parietal cortex projects to the ___________ cortex and _________ tract.

A

Pre-motor cortex and pyramidal tract

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11
Q

Damage to the posterior parietal cortex can cause deficits in ______ _______ ______.

A

Visually guided reading

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12
Q

Damage to the ________ _______ cortex can cause apraxia.

A

Posterior parietal cortex

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13
Q

The cerebellum contains about ___% of the cells of the entire brain.

A

50%

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14
Q

The cerebellum makes up about ____% of the entire brain mass.

A

10%

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15
Q

The cerebellum has a highly convoluted (dense) tissue called _______.

A

Folium

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16
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the brain stem by…? (what is another word for this?)

A

Bundles of fibers. Also called peduncles.

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17
Q

There are 3 kinds/areas of peduncles, name them.

A
  1. Superior
  2. Middle
  3. Inferior
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18
Q

Cerebellum is involved in the learning of what kind of movement?

A

Rapid and skilled movement

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19
Q

The cerebellum gains control though what kind of system?

A

Trial and error system/error-correction/supervised learning

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20
Q

The cerebellum controls and corrects movements through…? (2 things)

A

Feedback and timing

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21
Q

________ _____ recycles information that goes into/through the cerebellum.

A

Pontine nuclei

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22
Q

Is the cerebellum muscle memory? Why or why not?

A

To an extent yes, because it does the programming that eventually passes to the cortex, where it becomes permanently encoded.

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23
Q

Cerebellum motor functions:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Equilibrium
  2. Posture
  3. Muscle tone
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24
Q

Cerebellum cognitive functions:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. word processing
  2. anticipatory planning
  3. time-based judgments
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25
Q

Individuals born without a cerebellum have problems learning…?

A

Complicated movements

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26
Q

If you are hit in the head with a bad, what would happen? (In relation to the cerebellum, duh)

A

The cerebellum would inhibit the muscles (into a fetal position) to try as a protection mech.

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27
Q

________ refers to a lack of coordination/movement in relation to distance OR innacutrate/exaggerated movements.

A

Dysmetria

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28
Q

What is hypometria?

A

Cerebellar dysfunction: muscle disorder marked by under-reaching an intended object or goal.

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29
Q

What is hypermetria?

A

Cerebellar dysfunction: movements over-reach the intended goal.

30
Q

The cerebellar dysfunction of incoordination/ lack of muscle control during voluntary movements is called _________.

A

Ataxia

31
Q

The cerebellar dysfunction _______ is marked by a reduced muscle tone.

A

Hypotonia

32
Q

Describe the start/stop problem of intention tremors.

A

Tremors/trembling when reaching for an object BUT tremors only happen when they are thinking about reaching for the object. Not thinking about it = no trippin.

33
Q

Uncoordinated or clumsy movements of the lower limbs is called ______ _____.

A

Gait ataxia

34
Q

The reeling of trunk from side to side (with a wide standing position) is called _______ _______.

A

Truncal ataxia

35
Q

Gait and truncal ataxia is caused by ______________ lesions.

A

Vestibulocerebellar

36
Q

Ataxia/dysmetria is caused by ______________ lesions.

A

Cerebrocerebellar

37
Q

_____________ (dysmetria) is marked by errors in rapidly alternating movements (i.e. tapping fingers on the knee).

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

38
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia is caused by lesions to…?

A

The cerebellar hemispheres or frontal lobe of the cerebellum

39
Q

___________ ataxia is marked by the inability to remain upright.

A

truncal

40
Q

Intention tremors are caused by lesions to ________________.

A

Cerebrocerebellum

41
Q

Define the cerebellar cognitive affective disorder: impairment of executive functions.

A

Problems with planning, verbal fluency, and abstract reasoning.

42
Q

Define the cerebellar cognitive affective disorder difficulties with spatial cognition.

A

Problems with visuo-spatial organization and/or visual memory

43
Q

Define the cerebellar cognitive affective disorder: personality changes

A

Blunting of affect, inappropriate behaviors

44
Q

Define the cerebellar cognitive affective disorder: Language disorders

A

Agrammatism

45
Q

__________ is a form of expressive aphasia in which an individual is unable to speak in a grammatically correct fashion.

A

Agrammatism

46
Q

The source of the superior peduncle is the _______ ________.

A

Deep nuclei

47
Q

The source of the middle peduncle is the ________ or ________ ________.

A

Cortex or pontine nuclei

48
Q

The source of the inferior peduncle is the ________ and __________ (inferior olive).

A

Spinal cord and brainstem nuclei

49
Q

The superior peduncle uses the protein _________ and is (excitatory/inhibitory).

A

GABA, excitatory

50
Q

The middle peduncle uses the protein _________ and ________ fibers.

A

Glu, mossy fibers

51
Q

The inferior peduncle uses the protein _________ and _______ fibers.

A

Glu, climbing fibers

52
Q

Input or output?

  1. Superior peduncle
  2. Middle peduncle
  3. Inferior peduncle
A
  1. output
  2. input
  3. input
53
Q

_______________ regulates balance and reflex eye movements.

A

Vestibulo-cerebellum

54
Q

____________ adjusts ongoing movements and controlling muscle tone.

A

Spino-cerebellum

55
Q

___________ plans and initiates skilled movements.

A

Cerebro-cerebellum

56
Q

Which part of the cerebellum has seen the most expansion in humans?

A

Cerebro-cerebellum

57
Q

(DEEP NUCLEI) Dentate nuclei are found in what zone?

A

Lateral

58
Q

(DEEP NUCLEI) Fastigial nuclei are found in what zone?

A

Vermis (worm)

hint: worms are so thin because they are always fasting

59
Q

(DEEP NUCLEI) Interposed nuclei are found in what zone?

A

Intermediate

60
Q

What are the two types of Interposed nuclei?

A

Emboliform and globose.

Hint: Don’t Eat Greasy Food

61
Q

The ________ lobe of the cerebellum is used for regulating posture.

A

Anterior

62
Q

The __________ lobe of the cerebellum is used for fine motor coordination.

A

Posterior

63
Q

The ____________ lobe of the cerebellum is used for equilibrium.

A

Flocculonodular

64
Q

Somatotopic organization happens in the ______________.

A

Spinocerebellum (in the vermis)

65
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. Molecular
  2. Purkinje cell
  3. Granule cell
66
Q

What are the 7 types of neurons in the cerebellar cortex? (PG-UG-LuBS)

A

Purkinje, granule, unipolar, golgi, lugaro, basket, and stellate

67
Q

Which of the 7 neurons in the cerebellar cortex are excitatory? (PG-UG-LuBS)

A

Granule and unipolar brush

68
Q

Which of the 7 neurons in the cerebellar cortex are inhibitory? (PG-UG-LuBS)

A

Purkinje cells, golgi, lugaro, basket, stellate

69
Q

Purkinje cells are located in which layer?

A

Purkinje cell layer

70
Q

Granule, unipolar brush, golgi and lugaro cells are loacted in which cerebellar cortex layer?

A

Granule cell layer

71
Q

Basket and stellate cells are located in which cerebellar cortex layer?

A

Molecular layer

Cogs 107A (6 decks)

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