Chapter 19

Question 0

How many excited neurons does it take for an EEG to detect them?

Answer 0

Thousands

Question 1

Pyramidal neurons make up about _______% of the brain’s mass.

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

The amplitude of an EEG depends on how _____________ the activity is.

Answer 2

Synchronous

Question 3

Which is the most important of these factors in an EEG signals?
A. Amount of neurons firing
B. The timing of the neurons firing
C. Total amount of excitation

Answer 3

B. Timing

Question 4

When synchronous excitation is repeated, it creates ___________ EEG waves.

Answer 4

Large

Question 5

Which is better at localizing sources of activity, MEG or EEG?

Answer 5

MEG

Question 6

Which rhythms are the fastest?
A. alpha
B. Beta 
C. Gamma
D. Theta
E. Delta

Answer 6

B. Beta

Question 7

________ rhythms run between 4-7 Hz.

Answer 7

Theta

Question 8

_____________ rhythms run between 8-13 Hz.

Answer 8

Alpha

Question 9

___________ rhythms run >14 Hz.

Answer 9

Beta

Question 10

____________ rhythms run <4Hz.

Answer 10

Delta

Question 11

Which rhythm is being produced during a quiet wakeful state?

Answer 11

Alpha

Question 12

Which rhythm is produced during deep sleep?

Answer 12

Delta

Question 13

A coma is defined as having a __________ frequency and _________ amplitude rhythm.

Answer 13

Low frequency, high amplitude

Question 14

During sleep, synchrony is: high or low?

Answer 14

High

Question 15

Hypothesis 1 of the reason for rhythms is it the brain’s way of…?

Answer 15

The brains way of disconnecting from sensory input

Question 16

Hypothesis 2 of the reason for rhythms, is that rhythms are used to do what?

Answer 16

Rhythms are used to coordinate activity between different regions of the nervous system

Question 17

Define generalized seizure.

Answer 17

Seizure happening in The entire cerebral cortex, both hemispheres

Question 18

Define partial seizure.

Answer 18

A seizure happening in a circumscribed area of the cortex

Question 19

One type of genetic predisposition for epilepsy/seizures is a mutated sodium channel. Explain.

Answer 19

The sodium channel is mutated to stay open for longer, allowing more sodium to come into the neurons, making them hyper excitable, setting off more action potentials.

Question 20

One genetic predisposition to epilepsy/seizures is a mutation of GABA. Explain.

Answer 20

A mutation causing impairment of inhibition by GABA receptors.

Question 21

A seizure can be defined as…

Answer 21

The most extreme form of synchronous brain activity.

Question 22

What are convulsants?

Answer 22

Seizure promoting drugs that block GABA receptors.

Question 23

What is an absence seizure? Who is most prone to this?

Answer 23

Seizure with dramatic brain activity, but little motor signs.
Most common in children.

Question 24

What is Antonia? When does it happen?

Answer 24

Paralysis/loss of skeletal muscle tone,

Happens during REM sleep

Question 25

Which is faster, ultradian or circadian rhythms?

Answer 25

Ultradian

Question 26

In the sleep cycle, when do Delta rhythms occur? And from where?

Answer 26

Occur when the thalamus cells membrane potentials become more negatively charged than the spindle rhythms.

Question 27

Is the cortex necessary for the production of REM?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

During REM,

The primary visual cortex is ____________ active as when you are awake.

Answer 28

Equally

Question 29

During REM, the frontal lobe is __________ active as when you are asleep.

Answer 29

Less active