Hip and Thigh Anatomy

Question 1

Components of the quadriceps muscle

Answer 1

Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius

Question 2

Anterior articular depression between condyles of femur

Answer 2

Trochlea

Question 3

Law stating that bony structures orient themselves in form and mass to best resist extrinsic forces

Answer 3

Wolff’s law

Question 4

Most common type of hip dislocation

Answer 4

Posterior dislocation

Question 5

Thigh position associated with posterior hip dislocation

Answer 5

Adducted, internally rotated, flexed thigh

Question 6

Thigh position associated with anterior hip dislocation

Answer 6

Abducted, externally rotated, flexed thigh

Question 7

Femoral fracture that is considered to be an orthopedic emergency

Answer 7

Femoral shaft fracture - potential source of significant blood loss and compartment syndrome

Question 8

What type of joint is a hip joint?

Answer 8

Ball and socket joint

Question 9

Ligaments that comprise the capsule of the hip joint

Answer 9

Iliofemoral (2 bands)
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

Question 10

Ligament of the hip capsule that is called the Y ligament of Bigelow

Answer 10

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 11

Weak ligament of the hip capsule that does not provide complete posterior joint coverage, resulting in the lateral posterior neck of the femur being extracapsular

Answer 11

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 12

Steps on how to do Patrick/FABER test to assess for presence of SI joint or hip pathology

Answer 12

Flex
Abduct
Externally rotate hip

Question 13

Landmarks for measuring leg length

Answer 13

ASIS to medial malleolus

Question 14

Reduction test of the hip, done by having the hips at 90 degrees then abduct hip

Answer 14

Ortolani maneuver

Question 15

Dislocation test of the hip, done by having the hips at 90 degrees then exert posterior force

Answer 15

Barlow maneuver

Question 16

Maneuver done to assess for any discrepancy in knee height. Done supine with knees and hips flexed.

Answer 16

Galeazzi maneuver

Knee height discrepancy revelas dislocated hip and short femur

Question 17

Adductors of the hip

Answer 17

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis

Question 18

Adductor muscle used in ligament reconstruction

Answer 18

Gracilis

Question 19

Part of the hamstrings

Answer 19

Biceps femoris (short head)
Biceps femoris (long head)
Semitendinosus
Semimebranosus

Question 20

Nerves included in the anterior division of the lumbar plexus

Answer 20

Subcostal (T12)
Iliohypgastric (L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1-L2)
Obturator (L2-L4)
Accessory obturator (L2-L4)

Question 21

Nerve that runs on iliacus, crosses inferior to ASIS, and commonly compressed, leading to meralgia paresthetica

Answer 21

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 22

Artery at risk of ligation in anteromedial surgical approach to hip

Answer 22

Descending branch of profunda femoris (deep artery of the thigh)

Question 23

Main blood supply to adult femoral head

Answer 23

Medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 24

Treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip for 0-6 months

Answer 24

Pavlik harness - harness placed to allow comfortable abduction within safe zone. Forced abduction beyond this limit may lead to avascular necrosis of femoral head

Question 25

Nerve of the lumbar plexus that participates in the patellar reflex

Answer 25

Femoral nerve

Question 26

Largest nerve in the body

Answer 26

sciatic nerve

Question 27

Landmark for anesthesia of pudendal nerve block

Answer 27

ischial spine of pelvis

Question 28

differentiate superior gluteal from inferior gluteal artery in terms of their relationship with the piriformis

Answer 28

Superior gluteal - enters the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis Inferior gluteal - enters the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis

Question 29

Artery that supplies the head of the femur in children, proximal to the epiphyseal growth plate

Answer 29

Artery of ligamentum teres

Question 30

Most common site of the femoral artery where embolism or occlusion occurs

Answer 30

Where femoral artery gives off the deep femoral artery

Question 31

Most common compartment of the thigh and leg affected by compartment syndrome

Answer 31

Anterior compartment thigh - crush injuries, involve femoral artery and nerve leg - tibial fractures - anterior tibial artery and deep fibular nerve

Question 32

Boundaries of the femoral triangle

Answer 32

``` Superior: inguinal ligament Lateral: sartorius Medial: adductor longus Floor: pectineus and iliopsoas Roof: fascia lata ```

Question 33

Contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 33

Femoral canal, vein, artery, nerve | (from medial to lateral(

Question 34

Content of the femoral triangle that is not included in the femoral sheath

Answer 34

Femoral nerve

Question 35

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the head of the femur that possibly occurs when the medial and lateral circumflex arteries replace artery of the ligamentum teres as the main blood supply

Answer 35

Legg-Perthes disease

Question 36

Meniscus tears that are most commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears

Answer 36

Lateral meniscus

Question 37

Content of popliteal fossa

Answer 37

``` tibial nerve common fibular/peroneal nerve popliteal artery popliteal vein small saphenous vein ```