Foot and Ankle Anatomy

Question 1

Nerve injury that leads to weakness and foot drop

Answer 1

Peroneal nerve injury

Question 2

Loss of longitudinal arch of foot

Answer 2

Pes planus

Question 3

Common site for swelling of joints in gout

Answer 3

1st MTP joint

Question 4

Largest tarsal bone in the body

Answer 4

Calcaneus

Question 5

Facet of calcaneus that is most involved in fractures

Answer 5

Posterior facet

Question 6

Borders of ankle mortise

Answer 6

Superior: tibia (plafond)
Medial: medial malleolus (tibia)
Lateral: Lateral malleolus (fibula)

Question 7

Part of the talus where most of the blood supply enters

Answer 7

Neck of the talus

Question 8

Part of the talus covered by articular cartilage

Answer 8

Body/trochlea of the talus

Question 9

Part of the talus often fractured by snowboarders

Answer 9

lateral process of the talus

Question 10

Muscle that inserts on the tuberosity of navicular

Answer 10

posterior tibialis

Question 11

Disease characterized by osteonecrosis of navicular

Answer 11

Kohler’s disease

Question 12

Most lateral tarsal bone

Answer 12

Cuboid

Question 13

Borders of tarsal tunnel

Answer 13

posterior medial malleolus, medial walls of calcaneus and talus, flexor retinaculum

Question 14

Contents of tarsal tunnel

Answer 14

Tendons (TP, FDL, FHL), posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve

Tarsal tunnel - Tibial

Question 15

Eponym for tarsometatarsal fractures/dislocations

Answer 15

Lisfranc fracture/dislocation

Question 16

Ligament that serves as the primary support of the ankle

Answer 16

Distal tibiofibular ligament

Question 17

What type of joints are the tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints?

Answer 17

TM: Gliding
MTP: Condyloid
IP: Hinge (ginglymus)

Question 18

Defined as heel strike of one foot to heel strike of the opposite foot

Answer 18

Step

Question 19

Defined as heel strike of one foot to subsequent heel strike of the same foot

Answer 19

Stride

Question 20

Layers of the foot

Answer 20

Plantar fascia
I: 3 muscles (Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi)
II: 2 muscles (quadratus, lumbricals) 2 tendons (FHL, FDL)
III: 3 muscles Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
IV: 2 muscles (plantar interossei, dorsal interossei) 2 tendons PL and PT

Question 21

Interossei in the feet that adduct toes

Answer 21

Plantar interossei

PAD Plantar adduct

Question 22

Interossei in the feet that abduct toes

Answer 22

Dorsal interossei

DAB Dorsal abduct

Question 23

Continuation of anterior tibial artery in the foot

Answer 23

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 24

Terminal branches of posterior tibial artery

Answer 24

Lateral plantar and medial plantar artery

Question 25

Branch of the posterior tibial artery that terminates as the deep plantar arch

Answer 25

Lateral plantar artery

Question 26

Branch of the dorsalis pedis artery that supplies the distal tip of the toe

Answer 26

Proper plantar digital artery (versus dorsal digital artery that does not reach the tip of the toe)

Question 27

#1 musculoskeletal injury

Answer 27

Ankle sprain

Question 28

Lesser toe defomity where there is metatarsophalageal joint hyperextension, associated with neurologic disease

Answer 28

Claw toe deformity

Question 29

Lesser toe deformity characterized by fixed flexion of the proximal interphalangeal koint and dorsal callus. MTPJ and DIPJ are both extended.

Answer 29

Hammertoe deformity

Question 30

Lesser toe deformity characterized by flexion of DIPJ

Answer 30

Mallet toe deformity

Question 31

4 different deformities that characterize clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)

Answer 31

``` CAVE Cavus midfoot forefoot Adductus Subtalar Varus hindfoot Equinus ```

Question 32

Most common pediatric foot disorder

Answer 32

metatarsus adductus

Question 33

Veins draining to great saphenous and small saphenous vein

Answer 33

Great saphenous - dorsal vein of big toe and dorsal venous arch of the foot Small saphenous - dorsal vein of little toe and dorsal venous arch of the foot

Question 34

Nerve that runs alongside great saphenous vein anterior to medial malleolus

Answer 34

Saphenous nerve

Question 35

Nerve that runs alongside small saphenous vein posterior to lateral malleolus

Answer 35

Sural nerve

Question 36

Structures that run posterior to medial malleolus

Answer 36

``` Flexor hallucis longus tendon Flexor digitorum longus tendon Tibial posterior tendon Posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve ```

Question 37

Articulation of the talus and calcaneus, where inversion and eversion occurs

Answer 37

Subtalar joint

Question 38

Two joints that comprise the transverse tarsal or Chopart joint

Answer 38

Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid

Question 39

This fracture is also called the lover's fracture, occurring when a person jumps from a great height, associated with lumbar vertebrae and neck of the femur

Answer 39

calcaneus