Basic Sciences Flashcards
Type of collagen dominantly present in osteoid
Type I - gives tensile strength
Type of ossification where bone replaces a cartilage
Enchondral ossification
Type of ossification usually present in long bones (except clavicle)
Enchondral ossification
Type of ossification where bone directly develops from mesenchymal cells without cartilage
Intramembranous ossification
Type of ossification where osteoblasts make new matrix/one on top of existing bone
Appositional ossification
Disease caused by dysfunction of the proliferative zone of the physis
Achondroplasia
Primary stimuli of PTH release
calcium - hypocalcemia triggers PTH release
Diseases that result in failure to properly mineralize the bone matrix
Osteomalacia - adults
Rickets - children
Disease caused by decrease in bone mass
Osteoporosis
Type of bones commonly affected by osteoporosis - cancellous, cortical, or both?
cancellous
Marble bone disease
osteopetrosis
Type of pediatric fracture involving an open physis
Salter-Harris fracture
Type of pediatric fracture involving an impacted cortex
Buckle/torus fracture
Type of pediatric fracture with disruption of single cortex
Greenstick fracture
Type of fracture resulting from a diseased bone/bone tumor
Pathologic fracture
Enumerate Gustilo and Anderson classification of open fracture
Type 1 - Wound <1 cm
Type 2 -Wound >1cmone
Type 3A - Large wound with good soft tissue coverage
Type 3B - Large wound with exposed bone fragments, periostial stripping
Type 3C - Large wound with arterial injury
3 Stages of Fracture Healing
- Inflammation
- Repair
- Remodeling
Structure that attaches 2 bones to each other
Ligament
Age group where ligament is the weakest portion of joint
Adults - ligament is weakest so sprains are common
versus in pediatrics, where ligament is stronger than physis so physis is usually injured; in geriatrics, ligaments are stronger than bones so fractures are more common
90% of the content of articular cartilage
Water
Type of cartilage present in fibrocartilage
Type I
Type of cartilage present in articular cartilage
Type II
Radiographic features of osteoarthritis
- joint space narrowing
- osteophytes
- subchondral sclerosis
- subchondral cysts
Radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis
- joint space narrowing
- osteopenia
- bone/joint erosion
Synovial fluid analysis finding of gout
negatively birefringent crystals
Synovial fluid analysis finding of pseudogout
weakly positive birefringent crystals
Reiter’s Syndrome triad
- Urethritis
- Conjunctivitis
- Arthritis
Covering of fascicles of nerve
Perineurium
One or more fascicles covered by epineurium
Peripheral nerve
Receptors that dominantly transmit pressure
Pacinian corpuscle
Pacinian for Pressure
Autosomal dominant demyelinating disorder affecting motor>sensory nerves
Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Peroneals, hand, and foot intrinsics are commonly affected
Categories of nerve injury
Neurapraxia - local myelin damage
Axonotmesis -disruption of axon and myelin
Neurotmesis - complete disruption of nerve
Disease of relative shortage of acetylcholine receptors due to competitive binding of thymus derived antibodies
Myasthenia gravis
In sarcomere, the only band that does not change in length with contraction
A band - length of thick filament
Other bands:
I band: actin only
H band: myosin only
Type of contraction where muscle tension and resistance are the same throughout the contraction
Isotonic
Type of contraction where muscle length is constant, but resistance changes
Isometric
Type of isotonic contraction where muscle elongates as it contracts
Eccentric
Type of isotonic contraction where muscle shortens as it contracts
Concentric
Type of contraction where muscle contracts at constant velocity; best for muscle strengthening
Isokinetic
5 Ps of compartment syndrome
Pain (most sensitive), paresthesias, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness (a late finding)
