Basic Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

Type of collagen dominantly present in osteoid

A

Type I - gives tensile strength

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2
Q

Type of ossification where bone replaces a cartilage

A

Enchondral ossification

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3
Q

Type of ossification usually present in long bones (except clavicle)

A

Enchondral ossification

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4
Q

Type of ossification where bone directly develops from mesenchymal cells without cartilage

A

Intramembranous ossification

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5
Q

Type of ossification where osteoblasts make new matrix/one on top of existing bone

A

Appositional ossification

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6
Q

Disease caused by dysfunction of the proliferative zone of the physis

A

Achondroplasia

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7
Q

Primary stimuli of PTH release

A

calcium - hypocalcemia triggers PTH release

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8
Q

Diseases that result in failure to properly mineralize the bone matrix

A

Osteomalacia - adults

Rickets - children

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9
Q

Disease caused by decrease in bone mass

A

Osteoporosis

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10
Q

Type of bones commonly affected by osteoporosis - cancellous, cortical, or both?

A

cancellous

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11
Q

Marble bone disease

A

osteopetrosis

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12
Q

Type of pediatric fracture involving an open physis

A

Salter-Harris fracture

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13
Q

Type of pediatric fracture involving an impacted cortex

A

Buckle/torus fracture

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14
Q

Type of pediatric fracture with disruption of single cortex

A

Greenstick fracture

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15
Q

Type of fracture resulting from a diseased bone/bone tumor

A

Pathologic fracture

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16
Q

Enumerate Gustilo and Anderson classification of open fracture

A

Type 1 - Wound <1 cm
Type 2 -Wound >1cmone
Type 3A - Large wound with good soft tissue coverage
Type 3B - Large wound with exposed bone fragments, periostial stripping
Type 3C - Large wound with arterial injury

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17
Q

3 Stages of Fracture Healing

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Repair
  3. Remodeling
18
Q

Structure that attaches 2 bones to each other

19
Q

Age group where ligament is the weakest portion of joint

A

Adults - ligament is weakest so sprains are common
versus in pediatrics, where ligament is stronger than physis so physis is usually injured; in geriatrics, ligaments are stronger than bones so fractures are more common

20
Q

90% of the content of articular cartilage

21
Q

Type of cartilage present in fibrocartilage

22
Q

Type of cartilage present in articular cartilage

23
Q

Radiographic features of osteoarthritis

A
  1. joint space narrowing
  2. osteophytes
  3. subchondral sclerosis
  4. subchondral cysts
24
Q

Radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis

A
  1. joint space narrowing
  2. osteopenia
  3. bone/joint erosion
25
Synovial fluid analysis finding of gout
negatively birefringent crystals
26
Synovial fluid analysis finding of pseudogout
weakly positive birefringent crystals
27
Reiter's Syndrome triad
1. Urethritis 2. Conjunctivitis 3. Arthritis
28
Covering of fascicles of nerve
Perineurium
29
One or more fascicles covered by epineurium
Peripheral nerve
30
Receptors that dominantly transmit pressure
Pacinian corpuscle Pacinian for Pressure
31
Autosomal dominant demyelinating disorder affecting motor>sensory nerves
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Peroneals, hand, and foot intrinsics are commonly affected
32
Categories of nerve injury
Neurapraxia - local myelin damage Axonotmesis -disruption of axon and myelin Neurotmesis - complete disruption of nerve
33
Disease of relative shortage of acetylcholine receptors due to competitive binding of thymus derived antibodies
Myasthenia gravis
34
In sarcomere, the only band that does not change in length with contraction
A band - length of thick filament Other bands: I band: actin only H band: myosin only
35
Type of contraction where muscle tension and resistance are the same throughout the contraction
Isotonic
36
Type of contraction where muscle length is constant, but resistance changes
Isometric
37
Type of isotonic contraction where muscle elongates as it contracts
Eccentric
38
Type of isotonic contraction where muscle shortens as it contracts
Concentric
39
Type of contraction where muscle contracts at constant velocity; best for muscle strengthening
Isokinetic
40
5 Ps of compartment syndrome
Pain (most sensitive), paresthesias, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness (a late finding)