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Anats > Basic Sciences > Flashcards

Basic Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

Type of collagen dominantly present in osteoid

A

Type I - gives tensile strength

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2
Q

Type of ossification where bone replaces a cartilage

A

Enchondral ossification

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3
Q

Type of ossification usually present in long bones (except clavicle)

A

Enchondral ossification

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4
Q

Type of ossification where bone directly develops from mesenchymal cells without cartilage

A

Intramembranous ossification

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5
Q

Type of ossification where osteoblasts make new matrix/one on top of existing bone

A

Appositional ossification

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6
Q

Disease caused by dysfunction of the proliferative zone of the physis

A

Achondroplasia

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7
Q

Primary stimuli of PTH release

A

calcium - hypocalcemia triggers PTH release

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8
Q

Diseases that result in failure to properly mineralize the bone matrix

A

Osteomalacia - adults

Rickets - children

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9
Q

Disease caused by decrease in bone mass

A

Osteoporosis

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10
Q

Type of bones commonly affected by osteoporosis - cancellous, cortical, or both?

A

cancellous

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11
Q

Marble bone disease

A

osteopetrosis

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12
Q

Type of pediatric fracture involving an open physis

A

Salter-Harris fracture

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13
Q

Type of pediatric fracture involving an impacted cortex

A

Buckle/torus fracture

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14
Q

Type of pediatric fracture with disruption of single cortex

A

Greenstick fracture

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15
Q

Type of fracture resulting from a diseased bone/bone tumor

A

Pathologic fracture

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16
Q

Enumerate Gustilo and Anderson classification of open fracture

A

Type 1 - Wound <1 cm
Type 2 -Wound >1cmone
Type 3A - Large wound with good soft tissue coverage
Type 3B - Large wound with exposed bone fragments, periostial stripping
Type 3C - Large wound with arterial injury

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17
Q

3 Stages of Fracture Healing

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Repair
  3. Remodeling
18
Q

Structure that attaches 2 bones to each other

A

Ligament

19
Q

Age group where ligament is the weakest portion of joint

A

Adults - ligament is weakest so sprains are common
versus in pediatrics, where ligament is stronger than physis so physis is usually injured; in geriatrics, ligaments are stronger than bones so fractures are more common

20
Q

90% of the content of articular cartilage

A

Water

21
Q

Type of cartilage present in fibrocartilage

A

Type I

22
Q

Type of cartilage present in articular cartilage

A

Type II

23
Q

Radiographic features of osteoarthritis

A
  1. joint space narrowing
  2. osteophytes
  3. subchondral sclerosis
  4. subchondral cysts
24
Q

Radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis

A
  1. joint space narrowing
  2. osteopenia
  3. bone/joint erosion
25
Q

Synovial fluid analysis finding of gout

A

negatively birefringent crystals

26
Q

Synovial fluid analysis finding of pseudogout

A

weakly positive birefringent crystals

27
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome triad

A
  1. Urethritis
  2. Conjunctivitis
  3. Arthritis
28
Q

Covering of fascicles of nerve

A

Perineurium

29
Q

One or more fascicles covered by epineurium

A

Peripheral nerve

30
Q

Receptors that dominantly transmit pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscle

Pacinian for Pressure

31
Q

Autosomal dominant demyelinating disorder affecting motor>sensory nerves

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Peroneals, hand, and foot intrinsics are commonly affected

32
Q

Categories of nerve injury

A

Neurapraxia - local myelin damage
Axonotmesis -disruption of axon and myelin
Neurotmesis - complete disruption of nerve

33
Q

Disease of relative shortage of acetylcholine receptors due to competitive binding of thymus derived antibodies

A

Myasthenia gravis

34
Q

In sarcomere, the only band that does not change in length with contraction

A

A band - length of thick filament

Other bands:
I band: actin only
H band: myosin only

35
Q

Type of contraction where muscle tension and resistance are the same throughout the contraction

A

Isotonic

36
Q

Type of contraction where muscle length is constant, but resistance changes

A

Isometric

37
Q

Type of isotonic contraction where muscle elongates as it contracts

A

Eccentric

38
Q

Type of isotonic contraction where muscle shortens as it contracts

A

Concentric

39
Q

Type of contraction where muscle contracts at constant velocity; best for muscle strengthening

A

Isokinetic

40
Q

5 Ps of compartment syndrome

A

Pain (most sensitive), paresthesias, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness (a late finding)

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