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Anats > Arm Anatomy > Flashcards

Arm Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal tip of the ulna

A

Olecranon

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2
Q

Proximal end of the radius

A

Radial head

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3
Q

Relationship of ulnar nerve with radius

A

Ulnar nerve runs posterior to the medial epicondyle

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4
Q

Relationship of radial nerve with radius

A

Radial nerve runs along the radial groove, can be entrapped in distal 1/3 of humeral shaft fracture

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5
Q

Portion of the radial head that is most susceptible to fracture due to paucity of subchondral bone content

A

Anterolateral portion of radius head

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6
Q

Muscles that insert in radial and ulnar tuberosities

A

Radial tuberosity: Biceps

Ulnar tuberosity: brachialis

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7
Q

Eponym to an injury caused by radial head subluxation, usually due to a strong pull on the hand by an adult

A

Nursemaid’s elbow

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8
Q

Borders of cubital tunnel

A 
Roof: Arcuate (Osborne's) ligament
Floor: medial collateral ligament
Posterior: Medial head of triceps
Anterior: Medial epicondyle
Lateral: olecranon
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9
Q

Content of cubital tunnel

A

Ulnar nerve

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10
Q

A fibrous band running from an anomalous supracondylar process to medial epicondyles, can compress median nerve proximally

A

Ligament of Struthers

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11
Q

Structures that can be compressed by recurrent radial artery (leash of Henry)

A

Radial nerve (posterior interosseus nerve)

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12
Q

Components of the conjoined tendon

A

Coracobrachialis, short head of the biceps

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13
Q

Insertion of triceps brachii

A

Olecranon of ulna

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14
Q

Muscle that forms the border of quadrangular space, triangular space, and triangular interval

A

Long head of triceps brachii

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15
Q

Nerve that pierces corachobrachialis, then goes between biceps and brachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

Nerve that starts medial in the proximal humerus, then spirals posteriorly and laterally around the humerus, and emerges between the brachioradialis and brachialis muscles in the distal lateral arm

A

Radial nerve

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17
Q

Nerve that runs along with brachial artery, initially lateral to it but crosses over to become more medial

A

Median nerve

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18
Q

Contents of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Muscles: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
Nerves: Musculocutaneous, median nerve (Ms are constant), radial nerve (distally)
Vessel: brachial artery

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19
Q

Contents of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Muscles: triceps trachii
Nerves: Radius (mid arm)
Ulnar nerve (distally)
Vessels: Radial recurrent arteries

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20
Q

Median nerve enters forearm under what structure?

A

Biceps aponeurosis (lacertus fibrosus)

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21
Q

Branch of brachial artery that runs with the radial nerve

A

Deep (profunda brachii) artery

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22
Q

Used as vascular pedicle in lateral arm flap

A

Posterior (middle) radial collateral - branch of deep artery of the brachial artery

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23
Q

Branches of the ulnar artery that run along the intermuscular septum

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous

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24
Q

Muscle of the arm that has a split innervation, hence can be used for internervous plane in ORIF of fractures

A

Brachialis (medial supplied by musculocutaneous and lateral supplied by radial nerve)

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25
Tubercle on dorsal radius where EPL tendon runs around it
Lister's tubercle
26
Proximal row bones of the hand
Scared lovers try positions Scaphoid (located in the anatomic snuffbox) Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform
27
Distal row bones of the hand
... that they cannot handle Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
28
Most commonly fractured carpal bone
Scaphoid
29
Largest carpal bone
Capitate
30
First carpal bone to ossify
Capitate (ossification proceeds in a counter clockwise direction given an anatomic position starting with capitate)
31
Proximal ulnar fracture (usually with anterior angulation), + radial head anterior dislocation
Monteggia Fracture
32
Fracture of the arm commonly due to fall on outstretched hand, characterized by fracture of the distal 1/3 of the radial shaft and radioulnar dislocation
Galeazzi Fracture
33
Carpal bones without any muscle attachment, considered "intercalated segment"
Proximal row carpal bones (SLTP)
34
Broad term for ligaments that connect carpal bones within the same row
Interosseous ligament
35
Weak spot in the volar aspect of the hand where perilunate dislocations occur
Space of Poirier
36
Joint stabilized by the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)
Distal Radioulnar Joint
37
Components of triangular fibrocartilage complex
Central (articular disc) Dorsal radioulnar Palmar radioulnar
38
Ligament incised for carpal tunnel release
Transverse carpal ligament
39
Narrowest portion of the carpal tunnel
Hook of hamate
40
Borders of the carpal tunnel
Roof: transverse carpal ligament Floor: Carpal bones, especially capitate and trapezoid Medial: Pisiform, hamate Lateral: Scaphoid, trapezium
41
Contents of the carpal tunnel
Median nerve | 9 tendons: 4 FDS, 4 FDP, FPL
42
Borders of ulnar tunnel (Guyon canal)
Floor: Transverse carpal ligament, Roof: Volar carpal ligament Medial: Pisiform Lateral: Hook of hamate
43
Contents of ulnar tunnel
Ulnar nerve, ulnar artery
44
Most common cause of compression of structures within Guyon canal
ganglion cysts
45
Extensor compartments of distal portion of forearm
I: "pollicis" - extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus II: "carpi radialis" extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus III: extensor pollicis longus IV: Extensor digitorum and extensor indicis V: Extensor digiti minimi VI: Extensor carpi ulnaris
46
Structures affected by de Quervain's tenosynovitis
Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis (APL and EPB)
47
Muscle of the forearm used for tendon transfers, 10% are congenitally absent
Palmaris longus
48
Most powerful wrist flexor
Flexor carpi ulnaris
49
Superficial flexors of the wrist
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis
50
Avulsion causes Jersey finger
Flexor digitorum profundus
51
Primary pronator of the forearm
Pronator quadratus
52
Deep flexors of the forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
53
Innervation of all deep flexors of the forearm
Anterior interosseous artery of the ulnar artery
54
Superficial extensors of the wrist
Anconeus, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris
55
Muscle that degenerates in tennis elbow
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
56
Deep extensors of the wrist
Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis proprius
57
Test where both radial and ulnar arteries are occluded at the wrist, then release one artery to determine hand perfusion
Allen test
58
Test for de Quervain's tenosynovitis
Finkelstein's Test
59
Most common site of ganglion cyst
Dorsal wrist
60
Atrophy of the hypothenar eminence may suggest compression of which nerve
ulnar
61
Atrophy of the thenar eminence may suggest compression of which nerve
median
62
Number of phalanges of the thumb
2
63
Most commonly fractured metacarpal bone
5th metacarpals (boxer fracture) - usually a fall or punching mechanism
64
Eponym for jammed finger leading to extensor digitorum avulsion
Mallet finger
65
Branch of brachial artery that may be damaged with the radial nerve at midshaft fracture of the humerus
Deep brachial artery
66
Branch of radial artery that divides into two proper digital arteries for each side of the thumb
Princeps pollicis artery
67
Syndrome referring to retrograde flow in the vertebral artery due to ipsilateral subclavian artery stenosis
Subclavian steal syndrome
68
Artery used for percutaneous arterial catheterization if femoral artery is unavailable
Brachial artery (preferably the left, since it allows access to the descending aorta without crossing the right brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid arteries)
69
Most commonly used artery and vein as access for chronic hemodialysis
Radial artery and cephalic vein, establishing an AV fistula between the 2 vessels
70
Vein that connects cephalic vein to the basilic vein over the cubital fossa
Median cubital vein
71
Classic finding in radial nerve injury
Wrist drop
72
Classic finding of median nerve injury at elbow
Benediction hand
73
Classic finding of ulnar nerve injury at elbow
Claw hand
74
Contracture of the forearm muscles commonly due to supracondylar fracture where brachial artery goes into spasm, thereby reducing blood flow
Volkmann ischemic contracture

Anats (8 decks)

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