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Living World Religions > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

perhaps the most sacred syllable or utterance (mantra) in Hinduism. It embodies absolute reality and is the sound that encapsulates all sound. it is chanted in meditation and precedes most Vedic prayers

A

Om/Aum

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2
Q

symbol of fecundity and prosperity, venerated by Hindus, who will not kill or eat it. Linked to Krishna

A

the Cow

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3
Q

Hinduism abounds with images (murti) of deities whose extraordinary appearance immediately conveys their transhuman nature. Multiple arms, wielding weapons or other items symbolizing the deity’s powers, while specific postures and gestures (mudra) coney messages about the deity’s nature, mythological acts, or teachings.

A

Divine Images

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4
Q

Cylindrical stone effigy of the male reproductive organ and symbol of Shiva

A

Linga

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5
Q

Stone receptacle into which a linga is often placed. Effigy of the female procreative organ and sybol of the Devi, it is regarded as the source from which creation emerges.

A

Yoni

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6
Q

An ancient symbol of well being (svasti) and auspiciousness; often used to decorate entrances of homes and temples, and inscribed on sacred objects

A

Svastika

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7
Q

Location

A

Indus River

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8
Q

Primary texts

A

Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyaka, and Upanshads. Most popular Bhagavad Gita

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9
Q

Main idea

A

Karma

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10
Q

Life cycle

A

four stages of life student; householder; retired (hermit) and renouncer (wandering)

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11
Q

Major sects

A

Vishnu Shiva, Devi

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12
Q

Subgroups

A

four main classes Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vashya, and Shudra,

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13
Q

The priestly class. Retain and closely guard their authority to learn and teach the Vedas

A

Brahmin

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14
Q

The ruling class kings, warriors, and landlords

A

Kshatriya

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15
Q

the mercantile class, entitled to study the Vedas, not teach. Farmers and traders

A

Vaishya

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16
Q

The servant class not allowed to study the Vedas

A

Shudra

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17
Q

The classless group many of whom prefer to call themselves Dalits

A

Untouchables

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18
Q

an ancient city located on the river Ganga and renowned as a center of Vedic learning. It contains temples to many deities but is regarded as particularly dedicated to the god Shiva

A

Varanasi (Banaras)

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19
Q

One of the four pilgrimage sites at a source of the river Ganga, and the location of a temple dedicated to Vishnu

A

Badrinath

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20
Q

A city on the river Ganga, where millions of Hindu pilgrims gather for a purifying bath during the Kumbha Mela

A

Prayag (Allahabad)

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21
Q

One of the most influential monastic centers of Hindu orthodoxy, reputedly established by Shankara

A

Kanchipuram

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22
Q

Birthplace and capital city of the mythic god-king Rama

A

Ayodhya

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23
Q

One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus. It lies at the foothills of the Himalays, where the Ganga descends to the plains. About thirty miles upstream lies the Rishikesh, anotherer city popular for its many yoga and meditation retreat centers

A

Hardwar

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24
Q

meditation retreat centers are called

A

ashrams

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25
Q

Great south Indian temple complex dedicated to Vishnu, it is a center of qualified nondualistic Vedanta philosophy

A

Shrirangam

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26
Q

The most revered literature in Hinduism, possessing the status of shruti (divine)

A

Vedas

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27
Q

the four sets of Vedic texts

A

Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva Vedas

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28
Q

The last portion of each set of Vedic texts.

A

Upanishads

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29
Q

The two great epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata

A

the Epics

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30
Q

The Ramayana recount

A

the eploits of Prince Rama, Vishnu’s seventh incarnation

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31
Q

The Mahabaharata recounts

A

the Pandavas, five heroic brothers

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32
Q

“The Song of the Lord” A portion of the Mahabharata, consisting of conversation about the purpose of existence between Krishna, a human incarnation of Vishnu, and the warrior Arjuna

A

The Bhagavad Gita

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33
Q

Large often sectarian, pseudohistorical compediums, containing mythological accounts of the creation, favorite post-Vedic deities, royal dynasties, and holy places

A

The Puranas

34
Q

A vast assortment of texts, often written as teachings by deity’s

A

Tantras

35
Q

In early theology, identified witht he destructive principle of the cosmos. To devotees he is the supreme deity who reconciles the seeming polarities of creation and destruction worshiped in the form of an erect linga

A

Shiva

36
Q

All pervading and often depicted blue like the sky, through his incarnations preserves righteousness when forces of chaos and unrighteousness threaten the cosmic order. cosmic kind, resting on an endless serpent

A

Vashnu

37
Q

The great Godess, also called Durga, the soucrce and summation of all femal deities, and the power of Shakti that animates the entire cosmos

A

Devi

38
Q

Popular, elephant-headed, potbellied deity; leader of Shiv’s forces

A

Ganesha

39
Q

Eighth incarnation of Vishu

A

Krishna

40
Q

The goddess of prosperity and good fortune, often linked w her consort Vishnu; also known as Shri depicted as a beautiful women seated on a lotus

A

Lakshmi

41
Q

Kark, fierce goddess who symbolizes time and destruction depicted naked, with disheveled hair and a garland of skulls

A

Kali

42
Q

The monkey god, protector

A

Hanuman

43
Q

four goals or aims

A

dharama, kama, artha, moksha

44
Q

an understanding of the meaning of duty or righteousness and its application in one’s life

A

dharma

45
Q

knowledge of love, sexual and sensual pleasure, joy and happiness

A

kama

46
Q

the pursuit of wealth power, and attainments through the development of one’s potential

A

Artha

47
Q

Liberation through self-realization from the bondage to wordly existence and the cycles of reincarnation

A

Moksha

48
Q

South indian renouncer, known for his Vedanta philosophy of radical nondualism. Brahman which has no attributes is regarded as the absolute and only reality

A

Shankara

49
Q

Proponent of Qualified Nondualistic Vendanta, in which Brahman is the only reality but possesses attributes such as compassion and grace

A

Ramanuja

50
Q

taught a dualistic Vendanta, in which Brahman is different from human souls and the creation

A

Madhva

51
Q

Bengali saint who popularized public dance and chanting as a form of devotion

A

Chaitanya

52
Q

founder of the Brahmo Samaj, an organization that emphasized rationalism, humanism and social reform, taught against widow burning

A

Ram Mohan Roy

53
Q

founder of the Ramakrshna movement; influenced the West’s knowledge of Hinduism

A

Swami Vivekananda

54
Q

Proponent of active but nonviolent resistance to oppression, used in the struggle for Indian independence from British rule

A

Mahatma Gandi

55
Q

A path of selfless action described in the Bhagavad Gita. Emphasizes detachment from the outcome of all actions, which should be performed in a spirit of sacrifice to the divine

A

Karma Yoga

56
Q

A path that centers on the intellect and is regarded as dificult

A

Jnana Yoga

57
Q

an approach introduced in the Bhagavad Gita, calling for loving devotion to a deity

A

Bhakti Yoga

58
Q

Royal Yoga, which centers on stopping the turnings of thoughts

A

Raja Yoga

59
Q

The yoga of the coiled energy, envisioned as a dormant serpent. awakened energy

A

Kundalini Yoga

60
Q

four stages of life

A

student, householder, forest-dweller, renouncer

61
Q

originally a period of formal Vedic education with a spiritual mentor

A

student

62
Q

married life during which one is expected to conduct the household rituals contributed to society, and raise children

A

householder

63
Q

option prescribed for grandparents or the elderly retiring to the forest

A

forest-dweller

64
Q

highly esteemed option. It requires conducting one’s own death rituals, abandoning spouse and society, and living entirely off the alms given by others

A

Renouncer

65
Q

ONe who presides over the performance of religious rituals

A

Priest

66
Q

One’s teaher, generally used to designate the most important guid and mentor in one’s spiritual development

A

Guru

67
Q

A person who is wholly committed to the discipline of yoga

A

Yogi

68
Q

A title bestowed on those who have become renouncers

A

swami

69
Q

A generic term used to designate any HIndu holy man.

A

Sadhu

70
Q

Males of the twice born classes, particularly Brahmins between eight and thirteen are given a sacred utterance to repeat and a loop of

A

sacred thread

71
Q

generally arranged by parents

A

marriage

72
Q

regarded as the final sacrifice in a person’s life

A

Death

73
Q

an optional rite of passage prescribed for people in their old age

A

renunciation

74
Q

A festival of lights celebrated on the new moon between mid October and mid November.

A

Divali

75
Q

a nine night festival beginning on the new moon between mid September and mid October dedicated to Devi

A

Navaratra

76
Q

celebrated in feb and march commemorates the defeat of the demoness Holika color festival

A

Holi

77
Q

celebrated in honor of Shiva

A

Mahashivaratri

78
Q

a pilgrimage to a specific part of a sacred river

A

Kumbha Mela

79
Q

divinely heard orthodox hindus

A

shruti

80
Q

remembered, Hindu sacred writings not just shruti includes the epics

A

smriti

81
Q

numerous Sanskrit terms are used to describe one’s inner spirit or soul

A

Self

82
Q

Several Hindu words derive from the Sanskrit veral root brih to expand. allencopassing absolute reality

A

Brahman

Living World Religions (8 decks)

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