final Flashcards
traditional year of creation in Judaism
3760 BCE
Invasion by Antiochus IV “Epiphanes” of Syria
167-164
3 things that happen in the invasion of Syria
- offer of a pig to Zeus on the altar in the temple
- Maccabean revolt, Judas Maccabees
- Rededicating the temple 25 Chislev,
when was the temple rededicated
164BC Hannukah
Jewish revolt against Roman occupation
66-73CE
where did the jewish revolt start
Masada
who became a translator for Roman army; witnesses siege and destruction of the city
Josephus
how many jews slaughtered
1.3 million
when was the temple completely leveled never to be rebuilt again
66-73
what was the remaining part of the Jewish temple
Wailing Wall
who was the last holdout of the Jewish revolts in 66-73
Masada 960 commit mass suicide
1948
Hitler, six million executed,
Six explanation for the Holocaust
a. “birth pangs” of the messianic age
b. Jews died for the sins sacrificial lamb
c. new commandment 614 survive
d. can’t be explained be Job
e. God is either unloving or powerless
f. God is dead
Holocaust remembrance Day
Yom Hashoah May 4-5, 2016
when was Israel established as the State of Israel
1948
A.M.
Anno Mundi
what is 2015 in AM
5775-5776
5776 began at sundown when
September 13, 2015
seder translates to
order
the seder plate holds what
bread of affliction (matzos), lamb bone, boiled egg, bitter herbs, charoset
charoset symbolizes
mortar used in brick making
bitter herb represent
bitterness of slavery
boiled egg symbolizes
crying after the destruction of Jerusalem 70CE
Lamb bone symbolizes
sacrifice
aphikomen means
dessert
bread that is hidden until the end of the Passover
aphikomen
matzos means
bread of affliction
part of the matzos that is hidden and the kids search for it.
aphikomen
symbolizes the mortar used in brick making
charoset
An acronym for three parts of the Hebrew Bible
Tanakh
Torah
Old testament Exodus first five books
the body of both the Jewish and ceremonial law comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara.
Talmud
What did Antiochus IV “Epiphanes” of Syria do
invaded Jerusalem
what did Antiochus IV offer on the temple
pig to Zeus
Judas Maccabees led what
revolt, against Antiochus IV
the language of some Sephardic Jews, especially formerly in Mediterranean countries. It is based on medieval Spanish, with an admixture of Hebrew, Greek, and Turkish words, and is written in modified Hebrew characters.
Ladino
a language used by Jews in central and eastern Europe before the Holocaust. It was originally a German dialect with words from Hebrew and several modern languages and is today spoken mainly in the US, Israel, and Russia
Yiddish
The Jewish revolt began against Roman occupation in 66-73 CE where
Masada
who was captured became a translator and witnessed the siege and destruction of the city
Josephus
Jewish New Year, a ten-day period of repentance leading up to Yom Kippur. Called “High Holy Days”
Rosh Hashanah
Day of Atonement, a time when Jews seek forgiveness of those who have been wronged; also the major fast of the year
Yom Kippur
Feast of Tabernacles, a time when families build and eat in open-air shelters in commemoration of the temporary desert shelters built by the Israelites during their journey to the Promised Land; begins 5 days after Yom Kippur
Succoth
Dedication of the Temple, a time when the eight-branched candle is lit commemorating the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in the 2nd century BC, when the temple lamp miraculously stayed alight for eight days even though there was only enough oil to last one day
Hanukkah
the major Jewish spring festival that commemorates the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, lasting seven or eight days from the 15th day of Nisan.
Passover
foundry; word evolved into ghetto
gheta
Where were the Jews in Venice order
gheta the sector of the city w iron works
What does Baal Shem Tov mean
Master of the Good Name
Emergence of Chasidim in Ukraine, founded by Rabbi Yisrael ben Eliezer who led a spiritual revival that emphasized the emotional side of faith.
Baal Shem Tov
Baal Shem Tov real name was called
Rabbi Yisrael ben Eliezer
published The Jewish State and argues for establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine. “Father of Zionism”
Theodore Herzl
British take over Palestine from Turks, make ___ Declaration which allowed Jews to work toward an independent state
Balfour
group that doesn’t believe in the bible not sure about “God idea” Call meeting places Temples because they’ve given up on rebuilding temple or coming Messiah
Reform
don’t necessarily believe Bible is Revelation, but ethnically and historically important to keep Jews together. Meet in synagogues, some believe in coming Messiah. Known as “Masorti” (traditional) in Europe.
Conservative
most strict, live near synagogues so they can observe the Sabbath
Orthodox
Founded by Mordecai Kaplan in 1920’s as a way to preserve Jewish ethnicity without typical Jewish obligations
Reconstructionists
which is largest
reform
2nd largest
conservative
3rd largest
orthadox
Philo’s question on suffering
Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then He is impotent. Is He able, but not willing and able, then where does evil come from?
who was Philo
1st century Jewish philosopher, paraphrased
Resolution demanding that Israel withdraw to its pre-war borders
UN resolution 242
Sakyamuni
Buddha, Siddhartha, head of the Sakya clan
Tathagata literal meaning
“Thus Gone One” another name for the Buddha
the tempter attacked him, upset with the possibility that someone might achieve enlightenment
Mara
The zen founder of Indian Buddhist teacher named
Bodhidharma
Current Dalai Lama lives in exile in India
Tenzen Gyatso
Four sights
old man, sick man, dead man, monk
Four Noble truths
- there is suffering
- cravings produce suffering
- get rid of cravings ends suffering
- pain can be stopped by following the eight fold path
3 jewels
sangha, Buddha, and dhamma
sangha means
community of monks
dhamma means
teaching
Buddhist nirvana
nothingness
orthodox Buddhism mainly for monks who devote full attention o achieving Nirvana
Theravada
A correction to the focus of original Buddhism on monks and their own liberation from suffering.
Mahayana
direct meaning of Mahayana
“Big Raft”
Theravada is also called
Hinayana
Hinayana means
little raft
people who have achieved Nirvana but delay it to help others
bodhisattvas
Pure thought achieved by constant repetition of a phrase proclaiming trust in Amida to save
nembutsu
what is the nembutsu
namu amida butsu
what does the daimoku stand for
I bow down to worship the beautiful teachings of the Lotus Sutra
soka gakkai chant
nam myoho renge kyo
verbal puzzle that zen Buddhism use are called
koans or kwans
define lama
superior
lama begins to what form of Buddhism
Tibetan (Vajrayana)
written chants
mantras
hand positions as keys to meditation
mundras
geometric figure that represents the universe
mandalas
Tripitaka means
“The Three Baskets” Buddhist Scriptures
Based on the movement begun by Nichiren Shoshu, also called Daishonen
Lotus Sutra
Orthodox Buddhism or original version
Theravada Buddhism
A correction to the focus of original Buddhism on monks and their own liberation from suffering, to help other reach Nirvana
Mahayana (Big raft)
Rational sect of Buddhism flourished in China and combined the teachings of Confucius. Claims to unite all types of Buddhism
Tendai Buddhism
Most popular form of Buddhism in Japan based on Amida who attained enlightenment in heaven
Pure Land
based on the movement begun by Nichiren, also called daishonen, Japanese Buddhist who believed that the original teachings of Buddha were written in an ancient text
Soka Gakkai
branch of Mahayana influenced by Taoism of China. Buddhist teacher named Bodhidharma.
Zen
Blended traditional animism of Tibet with Buddhism. Began in Tibet in 7th century AD
Tebetan (Vajrayana)
born in Nataputta Vardhamana, in Northeast India circa 599 BC founded Jainism
Mahavira
Tirthankaras literal translations
ford finders
sacred texts for Jainism are called
Agamas or Siddhanta
literal translation for Agamas
tradition
literal translation for Siddhanta
doctrine
literal translation for Jains
followers of the conquerors
life which includes gods, humans, plants in Jainism
jiva
non life in Jainism rocks, dirt, etc.
ajiva
Jainism’s policy on not killing anything popularized by Gandhi
ahimsa
Svetambaras
wear white robes
Digamabaras
wear nothing
Born to Hindu parents in Northwest India founder of Sikhism
Nanak
Hymns written were collected in books called, for the Sikhism religion
Adi Granth
the Dasam Granth lit. 10th books was written by Guru
Gobind Rai
is the main word that appears in the Sikh sacred scripture called the Guru Granth Sahib. It is part of the Gurbani shabad called Mool Mantra which is repeated daily by all Sikhs
Sat Nam
lit translation of Sat Nam
true name
lit translation of Ekankar
their is one God
main worship service on Sunday at temple for Siks are called
gurdwara
Sik potluck after the service
langar
Militaristic traditions set up a special unit now called
Singhs
lit translation of Singhs
lions
the very dedicated siks
Khalsa
lit of khalsa
the pure
The original copy of Adi Granth is housed where
Golden Temple
the Golden Temple is housed where
Amritsar
what represents a Siks devotion
5 k’s (un-cut hair, steel bracelet, knife, turban etc. )
Some Sikhs are still clamoring for independent Sikh state they would call
Khalistan
born in Shiraz, Persia, a Shi’a Muslim who, in 1844 at the Great Mosque in Mecca, declared himself to be the mouthpiece of the hidden imam, a gate through which the faithful found truth
Ali Muhammad
In 1852, a follower of Ali attempted to assassinate the Shah of Persia in 1852, led to widespread persecution of the Bahi. Called himself the Baha’ullah
Mirza Husein Ali
Most important book in Baha’i
Kitab-i-Aydas
lit. Kitab-i-Aydas
most holy book
how many babs have their been
9
3 kinds of oneness
humanity, religion, God
how many Baha’i temples are there
7
Universal House of Justice is located where
Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
when was Muhammad Born
570 CE
When was Muhammad first enlightened
610 CE
When did Muhammad flee to Medina
622
When Muhammad fleed to Medina what was it called
Hijra
AD 2015 on the Muslim calendar
1436-1437AH
what percentage of the worlds Muslims are Arabs
20%
Who was born in Mecca surrounded by pagan idols. Orphaned at age 6, taken in by grandfather and uncle, both in the caravan business
Muhammad
Who is Khadijah
widow Muhammad married that was 15 years older than him. There daughter was Fatima
who was the daughter of Khadijah and Muhammad
Fatima
The famous “night journey” to the temple mount in Jerusalem on
a winged horse named Buraq
Collected copies of the Qur’an and burned variants. Claimed he deleted Muhammad’s instructions for recognizing Ali as his successor/
Uthman
Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad whom Shi’as believe Muhammad appointed
Ali
An Arab religious reformer in Mecca and Medina, who perceived Islam had been corrupted in Middle Ages; sought to return Islam to its Qur’anic roots.
Ibn Wahhab
A prominent leader went to court in Cairo to prove he was a genuine Muslim and get permission to make Hajj
Malcom LIttle
Malcolm Littles alias
Malik Shabazz
revived Nation of Islam in 1978 as a separate racist movement, but with some effort to mainstream through events such as Million Man March
Louis Farrakhan
shrine of a goddess from heaven cubed
Ka’aba
Book of heaven dictated to Muhammad by angel Gabriel
Qur’an
Lit translation of Qur’an
recitation
Additional writings, including the words and deeds of Muhammad and other extra-Qur’anic traditions in six accepted collections
Hadith
the Hadith is also called
Sunna
a later revelation in the Qur’an trumps as earlier one
abrogation
Lit translation of Muslim
one who submits
Lit. translation of Islam
submission
Lit translation of Mosque
place of prostration
Allah-hu-Akbar mean
God is great
what is the Muslim call to prayer
Allah-hu-akbar
The worst sin, idolatry
shirk
jihad means
strive or struggle
Five pillars of faith
- say the shahada through the day
- pray five times a day
- donate 2.5% of income
- make a pilgrimage to the Hajj
- Fasting during Ramadan
zakat
Alms
salat
pray
Shahada
There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is His prophet
swam
fasting
celebrates the end of Ramadam with family gatherings, gifts, and cards exchanged, special holiday meals
Eid ul-Fitn
Coincides with the Hajj commemorates Abraham’s near sacrifice of Ishmael; families slaughter sheep, give portion to the poor
Eid ul-Adha
Majority of Muslims 85% are
Sunni
Lit of Sunni
consensus
Sect that trace their heritage to Ali as rightful successor
Shi’ites
belive the imam line ceased after Ali who mysteriously disappeared and will return as madhi
Twelvers
believe that the imam was to come from the same family. Aga Khan
seveners
Muslim mystics, like an Islamic charismatic movement
Sufi
.) A minority sect of Shīʿite Muslims living mainly in Syria. They practice a kind of syncretistic faith
Alawites
.” A militant Islamist organization founded by Osama Bin Laden in the late 1980s to support Muslim mujahedeen who fought the Soviet Army in Afghanistan.
al-Qaeda
Founded in 2002, this militant Islamist sect in Northern Nigeria is fighting to create an Islamic State.
Boko Haram
. Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (or Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant). Began as Sunni fundamentalist insurgents under different name in Iraq in 1999, joined al-Qaeda in Iraq in 2004 to fight American invasion
ISIS
Way of knowledge
Vedantic Hinduism
Way of devotion
Bhakti
books of knowledge written by the Hindu wise men
Vedas
Hymn, the oldest of the vedas
Rig-vedas
sacrifice often done at home
puja
renouncer is a person who has renounced everything in total devotion to contemplation
sannyasin
do your duty as determined by your caste
dharma
An impersonal essence like electricity; gods are like light bulbs.
Brahman-Atman
link between deeds and consequence
karma
all experience is illusion
maya
the cycle of reincarnation
samsara
“salvation”, by getting off the reincarnation mery-go-round
moksha
meditation helps you achieve purity
yoga
an incarnation of deity
avatar
one-god-at-a-time-ism
kathenotheism
member of the lowest caste
Dalit
Who is arjuna
Bhagavad-Gita is about arjuna fighting and Krishna drives the chariot
an avatar of vishnu
Krishna
god of fire especially connected to priest
agni
god of the hallucinogenic plant
soma
destruction and reproduction represented by reproductive organs
shiva
preserver, sustainer, god of ove and benevolence
Vishnu
creator god; oldest and least popular of the three
brahma
literally festival of lights
diwali
celebrates coming of Spring, the defeat of demoness hlika, color powder
Holi
