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Living World Religions > Christianity > Flashcards

Christianity Flashcards

1
Q

founder

A

Jesus and Paul

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2
Q

Define Christ

A

the anointed one

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3
Q

God

A

Monothiestic within a trinitarian framework

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4
Q

Calendar

A

widely accepted western calendar (gregorian calendar)

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5
Q

Location

A

started in palestine; then Roman; then China; to Russia; then worldwide

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6
Q

primary text

A

the bible

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7
Q

main concept

A

Eden lost through sin

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8
Q

main festivals

A

easter

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9
Q

is their a hierarchy

A

catholic church, th bishop of Rome

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10
Q

main groups

A

Roman Catholic; Eastern Orthodox; Protestant

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11
Q

relation to other religions

A

a messianic reform movement in first-century Judaism accepting non-Jews

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12
Q

Two collection in one, the Hebrew Bible of the Jews and Greek writings

A

Bible

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13
Q

Written by Augustine as the Roma Empire was beiginning to fall to the barbarian tribes

A

The City of God

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14
Q

the massive work of Thomas Aquinas and a high point in medieval scholarship. It has shaped much of Catholic thinking to the present

A

Summa Theologica

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15
Q

Short debating points by Martin Luther primarily regarding abuses in the indulgence system. It sparked the Protestant Reforation

A

the Ninety-Five Theses

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16
Q

A work of John Calvin that provides the bases for the development of much of Protestant theological reflection

A

Institutes of the Christian Religion

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17
Q

The work of Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea. It was written as the Roman Empire shifted toward Christianity and outlines the history of Christianity in its first three hundred years.

A

Church History

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18
Q

Main term for Christian canon, canon, consisting of the Old Testament (the Jewish Bible) and the New Testament.

A

Bible

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19
Q

Collection of early Christian writings of various kinds, consisting of four gospels, thirteen letters attributed to Paul, and a few other documents (mainly letters), largely written in the last fifty years of the first century

A

new testament

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20
Q

the first four books of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John)

A

Gospels

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21
Q

greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, used by Greek-speaking Jews. This was the Bible used by early Christians

A

Septuagint

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22
Q

Jerome’s Latin translation of the Bible. This became the Bible of the Western church until the Protestant Reformation of the 1500’s, when it was challenged by vernacular translations

A

Vulgate

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23
Q

Books in the Vulgate but not in the present Jewish canon. Some are accepted by Catholics and Orthodox; Protestantism rejects them all

A

Apocrypha

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24
Q

More popularly known as the King James Version; a translation of the Bible into English at the high point in English literature (Elizabethan/ Shakespearian times) used widely in the English world until newer translations began to replace it in the twentieth century

A

Authorized Version

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25
Q

Christians under the authority of the bishop of Rome whose roots lie in the Western Roman Empire and whose primary liturgical language is Latin.

A

Roman Catholic

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26
Q

percent of Catholics as Christians

A

over half percent

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27
Q

The counterpart to the Catholics. Their roots lie in the Eastern Roman Empire. Their primary liturgical language was Greek, though soon autonomous national churches developed, featuring their national languages.

A

Orthodox

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28
Q

center of Orthodox

A

Constantinople/ shifted to Moscow

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29
Q

A largely Egyptian schism from the Byzantine church in the 400s, though it had adherents widely in the East. It agrued that Christ had one nature (the divine); this left it open to the charge that Jesus was not really human, but only appeared to be.

A

Monophysite

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30
Q

Also known as the Church of the East. Largest schism from Byzantine church. Started in the 400s; by the 600s it stretched from the Middle East to China

A

Nestorian

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31
Q

A name applied genereally to all non=Catholic Western Christians, whose roots lie in the religious and political protests of the 1500s

A

Protestants

32
Q

Any Eastern Rite church in communion with the Church of Rome

A

Uniate

33
Q

Born in Palestine in about 6BCE. The records about him (mainly the Christian Gospels) indicate a brief career as a religious reformer, healer, and exorcist. Executed around 30 CE.

A

Jesus

34
Q

Originally an opponent of the new Christian movement, he became a leading member and an advocate for allowing non-Jews to join. Many of his letters are preserved in the New Testament

A

Paul

35
Q

called the first Christian emperor, he proclaimed religious toleration and promoted the church with resources of the state

A

Constantine

36
Q

The leading theologian, writer, and bishop of the 400s. His views have shaped much of Christianity to the present in both the Catholic and Protestant traditions. He emphasized predestination and original sin.

A

Augustine

37
Q

Pope from 590 to 640. He is associated with major innovations in the liturgy of the church (Gregorian chant). He defended the primacy of the bishopric of Rome

A

Gregory the Great

38
Q

The leading scholar of Scholasticism, he did much to synthesize the developing beliefs of the Western (Roman Catholic) church

A

Thomas Aquinas

39
Q

A controversial German monk who opposed the secular tendencies of the Renaissance popes and their money-raising schemes. These concerns helped to spark the Protestant Reformation, the major schism in the Western church

A

Martin Luther

40
Q

First group of the Protestant Reformation, led by Martin Luther. It became the state church in most areas of northern and central Germany and in all of Scandinavia

A

Lutheran

41
Q

Founded by Huldrych Zwingli and later led by John Calvin; emphasized predestination and a presbyterian form of church governance; became the state church in the Netherlands, Scotland, and in areas of Switzerland.

A

Reformed

42
Q

Mennonites, Hutterites, and Amish; also called the Radical Reformation because of its rejection of church-state ties, its pacifism, and its requirement of adult baptism

A

anabaptist

43
Q

The Church of England, formed as a result of King Henry VIII’s break from the authority of the pope

A

Anglican

44
Q

A movement emphasizing personal piety and social action; founded by two Anglican priests: John Wesley and his brother Charles.

A

Methodist

45
Q

A diverse Protestant movement that started in England with Anabaptist and Puritan influences; largest protestant group in the United States; emphasizes adult baptism rather than the more common practice of infant baptism

A

Baptist

46
Q

The most recent and largest Protestant group. It emphasizes baptism in the Holy Spirit, faith healing, and the second coming of Jesus

A

Pentecostal

47
Q

A small town about five miles about five miles south of Jerusalem and the traditional birthplace of Jesus. An Old Testament prophecy states that a ruler of Israel will come from that town

A

Bethlehem

48
Q

All of Palestine, first described as the Holy Land by Christians.

A

The Holy Land

49
Q

From 1927, a self governing monastic territory on a thirty- by sixty-mile peninsula in northeastern Greece. For centuries it has been the traditional center of Eastern monasticism. According to tradition, no female (human or animal) may enter the territory.

A

Mount Athos

50
Q

A city-state and smallest country in the world, the residence of the bishop of Rome and the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. It was formally established in 1929, after the Italian independence movement of the 1800s seized most of the papal lands from the church.

A

Vatican City

51
Q

This church in Constantinople was built by Emperor Constantine and rebuilt by Emperor Justinian. It was once the largest domed building in the world

A

Hagia Sophia

52
Q

Built during the renaissance; it stands as the primary church of Western Christendom

A

St. Peter’s Basilica

53
Q

used to recall the death of Jesus by crucifixion

A

cross

54
Q

A monogram formed by two Greek capital letters, super imposed one on the other. The letters are the first two letters in the Greek word for Christ. This sign came to be associated with Constantine, the first Christian emperor, and with the imperial church

A

Chi-Rho

55
Q

An old abbreviation for the Greek transliteration of the name Jesus, from the first three Greek letters of that name. Some have attempted to find an abbreviation for three Latin words behind the letters: either a short form for “in this sign” or for “Jesus, Savior of Men.”

A

IHS

56
Q

Abbreviation of Latin words for “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews,” from the Latin inscription on the cross according to tradition.

A

iNRI

57
Q

A symbol frequently used to represent the Holy Spirit in Christian iconography

A

Dove

58
Q

An early symbol of Jesus, often associated with the Eucharist. The symbolism may have come about from the Greek word for fish, ichtus. The letters of this word serves as an acrostic for “Jesus-Christ-God’s-Son-Savior.”

A

Fish

59
Q

A symbol of Jesus. Christians view the death of Jesus as a final sacrifice for sin

A

Lamb

60
Q

The image of a shepherd carrying a lamb, appropriated by Christians as a symbol of Jesus

A

The Good Shepherd

61
Q

The earliest leader of the Christian church, sometimes identified with the twelve disciples of Jesus. The office died out after the first generation, and the new office of bishop took its place in the second century

A

Apostle

62
Q

In various areas of Christianity by the early second century, a person by the title of bishop was the chief officer over the churches in a city.

A

bishop

63
Q

Directly beneath the bishop were the presbyters, who served the small multiple congregations that made up the corporate church of the city. They later are known as priests

A

Presbyter

64
Q

The last of the ordained clergy, they were assigned tasks that were more administrative, while the tasks of priests were more religious and liturgical. Deacons served the bishops directly. In many areas, their number was restricted to seven.

A

Deacon

65
Q

A term that came to be used in the WEstern church exclusively for the bishop of Rome from the eleventh century. It is a common term for priest in some of the Eastern churches

A

Pope

66
Q

The head of national Eastern Orthodox churches. The title has been used since the sixth century.

A

Patriarch

67
Q

Therite of initiation in the Christian community. Practiced from the first century onward, it underwent various transformations, which have resulted in diverse practices within Christianity. The main modern debates are over candidates and mode

A

Baptism

68
Q

This rite is known by a number of names (Communion, the Mass, the Lord’s Supper, the Table, the Breaking of Bread). It is based on the story of Jesus’s “Last Supper” with his disciples on the night prior to his execution

A

Eucharist

69
Q

The Council of Trent in the 1500s affirmed seven sacraments as essential to the Roman Catholic faith. They are baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick times called extreme unction or last rites, holy orders, and matrimony

A

the seven Sacraments

70
Q

January 6 the date originally marked the birth of Jesus in the Eastern church. When the Eastern church adopted the Western date of December 25, they kept January 6 for the celebration of Jesus’s baptism. The WEst celebrates the visit of the magi on January 6

A

Epiphany

71
Q

In the West, a forty-day period of fasting or self-denial and penance, beginning on Ash Wednesday. In the East, the period is longer, resulting from how a forty-day fast period is calculated leading up to Easter.

A

Lent

72
Q

The primary and oldest Christian festival, celebrating the resurrection of Jesus, held in the spring

A

Easter

73
Q

Also called Whitsunday; a Sunday celebration fifty days after Easter, commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on the disciples; connected to Jewish Shavuot. It is understood as the start of the world mission of the church

A

Pentecost

74
Q

Celebration of the birth of Jesus; first celebrated ca. 336 under Constantine. The date was chosen to coincide with the birthday of the “unconquered sun”

A

Christmas

75
Q

Refers to the structure of the Eastern Orthodox Churches, where each national church has its own head, without one overall authority, as is found in the Western church in the bishop of Rome

A

Autocephalous

76
Q

Speculation about the end of the world or of human kind; in Christianity, often related to the second coming of Jesus and the final judgment

A

Eschatology

77
Q

The belief that God took on real human characteristics in Jesus. The specifics of that event are debated by Christians

A

Incarnation

Living World Religions (8 decks)

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