Highlights Chapter 12 pt 2

Question 1

What two bumps are found on the dorsal surface of the midbrain?

Answer 1

The superior and inferior colliculi.

Question 2

Where does the 4th ventricle end?

Answer 2

At the entry of the spinal cord

Question 3

What cranial nerve arises from the spinal cord?

Answer 3

CNXI (11)

Question 4

1) The olfactory nerve (CN1) connects to what?
2) What do the olfactory nerves run through?

Answer 4

1) The forebrain
2) Olfactory tracts

Question 5

Define anosmia

Answer 5

Loss of sense of smell

Question 6

Where do the optic nerves terminate?

Answer 6

LGN of the thalamus

Question 7

What 3 nerves control the extraocular muscles?

Answer 7

CN III (3, oculomotor) ,CNIV (4, trochlear), CNVI (6, abducens)

Question 8

1) What does CNV (trigeminal) nerve supply?
2) What part of the tongue does it supply sensory innervation to?

Answer 8

1) Sensory innervation to the face
2) Anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 9

1) What is Trigeminal Neuralgia (tic doulouruex)? Include what nerves it affects
2) Even though its cause is unknown, what do we think causes it?
3) Do the nerve fibers involved cross over? What is the implication of this?

Answer 9

1) Recurrent episodes of brief pain, that last seconds to minutes; V2/V3
2) Demyelination
3) Do not cross over, so lesions cause ipsilateral deficits

Question 10

1) What is the main function of the facial nerve (CN7/ VII)?
2) What else does it do?

Answer 10

1) Controls muscles of facial expression (motor)
2) Sensation of the external ear

Question 11

1) What is the most common facial nerve (CNVII) disorder?
2) What can it cause? (3 main things)
3) What would it look like on a neuro exam or imaging?

Answer 11

1) Bell’s palsy
2) Unilateral facial weakness, ear pain, and loss of taste
3) Typically normal (besides symptoms above)

Question 12

Recurrent episodes of Bell’s Palsy warrant what?

Answer 12

An extensive work up to rule out tumors, infiltrating diseases, Lyme’s disease sarcoid, and HIV.

Question 13

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)?

Answer 13

Hearing and vestibular sensation

Question 14

1) Define conductive hearing loss (HL)
2) Define sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 14

1) Conductive HL: abnormalities of the external auditory canal or middle ear [causing HL]
2) Sensorineural HL: disorders of the cochlea or CN VIII [causing HL]

Question 15

1) What is the most common tumor of the inner ear?
2) Is hearing loss unilateral or bilateral?
3) What nerve can it affect, and what can happen when it does?

Answer 15

1) Acoustic Neuroma
2) Almost always unilateral.
3) CNVIII; causes facial pain and sensory loss

Question 16

What nerve controls taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue?

Answer 16

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)

Question 17

What are the two main functions of the vagus nerve (CN10)?

Answer 17

Swallowing and gag reflex

Question 18

Name 2 branches of the vagus nerve and what they control

Answer 18

Recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves control all laryngeal muscles and the cricothyroid

Question 19

1) What is the main function of the spinal accessory nerve (CN11)?
2) What kind of weakness could a lesion of it cause?

Answer 19

1) Motor to sternomastoid and trapezius muscles
2) Weakness of head turning AWAY from the lesion

Question 20

1) What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN12)?
2) What kind of weakness could a lesion of it cause?

Answer 20

1) Motor to tongue
2) Weakness of the tongue that points TOWARDS the side of lesion when protruding

Question 21

1) What is Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia similar to?
2) When can injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve occur?
3) What would an injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

Answer 21

1) Trigeminal Neuralgia (except in CN 9 distribution)
2) During surgeries of the neck
3) Unilateral vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness

Question 22

What is aspiration pneumonia and what is it a common cause of?

Answer 22

Pneumonia caused by impaired swallowing, is a common cause of death in the elderly

Question 23

1) What does a lesion of CN X (vagus) cause the soft palate and uvula to do?
2) What is the stage curtain sign?

Answer 23

1) The soft palate and uvula will deviate towards the normal side
3) Soft palate on the abnormal side hangs low