Highlights Chapter 12 pt 2 Flashcards
From the chapters 12-13 ppt
What two bumps are found on the dorsal surface of the midbrain?
The superior and inferior colliculi.
Where does the 4th ventricle end?
At the entry of the spinal cord
What cranial nerve arises from the spinal cord?
CNXI (11)
1) The olfactory nerve (CN1) connects to what?
2) What do the olfactory nerves run through?
1) The forebrain
2) Olfactory tracts
Define anosmia
Loss of sense of smell
Where do the optic nerves terminate?
LGN of the thalamus
What 3 nerves control the extraocular muscles?
CN III (3, oculomotor) ,CNIV (4, trochlear), CNVI (6, abducens)
1) What does CNV (trigeminal) nerve supply?
2) What part of the tongue does it supply sensory innervation to?
1) Sensory innervation to the face
2) Anterior 2/3 of tongue
1) What is Trigeminal Neuralgia (tic doulouruex)? Include what nerves it affects
2) Even though its cause is unknown, what do we think causes it?
3) Do the nerve fibers involved cross over? What is the implication of this?
1) Recurrent episodes of brief pain, that last seconds to minutes; V2/V3
2) Demyelination
3) Do not cross over, so lesions cause ipsilateral deficits
1) What is the main function of the facial nerve (CN7/ VII)?
2) What else does it do?
1) Controls muscles of facial expression (motor)
2) Sensation of the external ear
1) What is the most common facial nerve (CNVII) disorder?
2) What can it cause? (3 main things)
3) What would it look like on a neuro exam or imaging?
1) Bell’s palsy
2) Unilateral facial weakness, ear pain, and loss of taste
3) Typically normal (besides symptoms above)
Recurrent episodes of Bell’s Palsy warrant what?
An extensive work up to rule out tumors, infiltrating diseases, Lyme’s disease sarcoid, and HIV.
What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)?
Hearing and vestibular sensation
1) Define conductive hearing loss (HL)
2) Define sensorineural hearing loss
1) Conductive HL: abnormalities of the external auditory canal or middle ear [causing HL]
2) Sensorineural HL: disorders of the cochlea or CN VIII [causing HL]
1) What is the most common tumor of the inner ear?
2) Is hearing loss unilateral or bilateral?
3) What nerve can it affect, and what can happen when it does?
1) Acoustic Neuroma
2) Almost always unilateral.
3) CNVIII; causes facial pain and sensory loss
What nerve controls taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)
What are the two main functions of the vagus nerve (CN10)?
Swallowing and gag reflex
Name 2 branches of the vagus nerve and what they control
Recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves control all laryngeal muscles and the cricothyroid
1) What is the main function of the spinal accessory nerve (CN11)?
2) What kind of weakness could a lesion of it cause?
1) Motor to sternomastoid and trapezius muscles
2) Weakness of head turning AWAY from the lesion
1) What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN12)?
2) What kind of weakness could a lesion of it cause?
1) Motor to tongue
2) Weakness of the tongue that points TOWARDS the side of lesion when protruding
1) What is Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia similar to?
2) When can injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve occur?
3) What would an injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?
1) Trigeminal Neuralgia (except in CN 9 distribution)
2) During surgeries of the neck
3) Unilateral vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness
What is aspiration pneumonia and what is it a common cause of?
Pneumonia caused by impaired swallowing, is a common cause of death in the elderly
1) What does a lesion of CN X (vagus) cause the soft palate and uvula to do?
2) What is the stage curtain sign?
1) The soft palate and uvula will deviate towards the normal side
3) Soft palate on the abnormal side hangs low
