Chapter 19 highlights

Question 1

Connections through the corpus callosum allow the ________________ hemisphere to participate in the language processing network and it is important in ____________ and __________ of our speech.

Answer 1

non-dominant; emotion and tone of our speech.

Question 2

1) What hemisphere is specialized for language and execution of motor tasks?
2) What hemisphere is more important for the consciousness system (alertness, attention and awareness)

Answer 2

1) The dominant hemisphere
2) Non-dominant hemisphere

Question 3

Attention and alertness are mediated by what?

Answer 3

Brainstem + frontoparietal networks interacting

Question 4

Brainstem + frontoparietal networks mediate what two things?

Answer 4

Attention and alertness

Question 5

The right hemisphere is more important for ______________ mechanisms

Answer 5

attentional

Question 6

1) Hemineglect syndrome occurs with infarct or other acute lesion of the _____________
2) What can this included?

Answer 6

1) right parietal lobe
2) Neglect for 1/2 of one’s body (and other things)

Question 7

Do bilateral or unilateral medial temporal lobe lesions typically cause amnesia?

Answer 7

Bilateral

Question 8

What lesions do not usually produce severe amnesia?

Answer 8

Unilateral lesions

Question 9

Define transient global amnesia

Answer 9

Patients develop retrograde and anterograde amnesia with no obvious cause or associated deficits

Question 10

1) In early Alzheimer’s Disease what memory loss is prominent?
2) What does this disease preferentially affect?

Answer 10

1) For recent events
2) The hippocampal, temporal and forebrain structures.

Question 11

Define infantile amnesia and what may cause it

Answer 11

The inability of adults to recall years 0-3 of their lives (thought to be because the CNS is still maturing)

Question 12

What is age related memory change?

Answer 12

Gradual decline in memory function over decades

Question 13

1) Define anterograde amnesia
2) Define retrograde amnesia

Answer 13

2) Deficit of forming new memories
2) Deficit of memories prior to the brain injury

Question 14

What memories depend on medial temporal lobe? Which do not?

Answer 14

Recent depend on it; remote memories do not

Question 15

Which area of the brain is the most dominant area in most people?

Answer 15

Left hemisphere

Question 16

Broca’s area communicates with what?

Answer 16

Prefrontal cortex

Question 17

Which of the following are restraint functions of the frontal lobes?:
Judgment
Inhibiting socially inappropriate responses
Self-governance
Perseverance

Answer 17

All

Question 18

Which two areas of the brain help mediate attention and alertness?

Answer 18

Frontoparietal and brainstem

Question 19

Which area of the brain is more important in attentional mechanisms for most people?

Answer 19

Right hemisphere

Question 20

Lesions the right hemisphere of the brain would have more prominent and long lasting deficits in ______________ than the contralateral side

Answer 20

attention

Question 21

What condition is seen with infarct or other acute lesions of the right parietal lobe?

Answer 21

Hemineglect syndrome

Question 22

A patient with a history of migraines presents with temporary retrograde and anterograde amnesia with no obvious cause or associated deficit. They keep asking you the same questions over and over with no recollection of just having asked it. The patient has a full recovery, except for just a few hours before and after this episode. What would be your most likely diagnosis?

Answer 22

Transient global amnesia