higher plant phyla

Question 1

what are the evolutions of seedless vascular plants? (2)

Answer 1

-send consists of embryo and food supply

-surrounded by protective coat

Question 2

how do plants cope with droughts, UV radiation, and water not being required for fertilization?

Answer 2

-reduced gametophytes

-heterospory

-ovules and pollen

Question 3

what are gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Answer 3

gymnosperms: naked seeds
angiosperms: flowering plants

Question 4

what does it mean for a plant to have reduced gametophytes?

Answer 4

-simplified gametophyte generation in life cycle

-sporophyte is dominant step

Question 5

what is the internment?

Answer 5

layer of sporophyte tissue that protects megasporangium

Question 6

what is pollination and where does the microspore develop?

Answer 6

-microspore develops in pollen grain

-pollination occurs when a germinating pollen grain forms a pollen tube that spreads sperm

Question 7

geological time scale of gymnosperms

Answer 7

-1st seed plants 360 mya

-gymnosperm fossils 305 mya

-thrived in dry climates, had thick cuticles and needle shaped leaves

Question 8

what are the gymnosperm phylums?

Answer 8

1) cycadophyta
2) ginkgophyta
3) gnetophyta
4) coniferophyta

Question 9

which phylum is the most endangered?

Answer 9

cycadophyta

Question 10

when did angiosperms dominate?

Answer 10

140 mya in early cretaceous/end of mesozoic