fungi Flashcards
what are fungi most closely related to and why?
animals due to heterotrophic nutrition
what are some significances of fungi?
-break down organic matter
-manufacturing products/antibiotics
-food source
how do fungi absorb nutrients?
by secreting hydrolytic enzymes that break down molecules into smaller units
what interaction forms with mutualistic nutrition?
interactions with roots, known as mycorrhizae, which improve delivery of phosphate ions
plant supplies fungi with nutrients in return
describe the structure of most fungi
contains multicellular filaments which enhance ability to grow into and absorb surroundings
the filaments are called hyphae that branch throughout the fruiting body
what do hyphae form?
mycelium that infiltrates the material on which the fungus feeds
what are arbuscules?
specialized structures on hyphae that allow the fungi to extract nutrients from or exchange nutrients with plant hosts
what do the mycelium give rise to in asexual reproduction in fungi, mold, and ascomycetes?
fungi: spore producing structures
mold: sporangia
ascomycetes: canidiophores
describe the asexual mechanisms of fungi?
grow as filaments that produce haploid spores by mitosis (molds)
where are chytrids found and what do they contain?
found in lakes/soil
contains zoospores
what are zoospores?
flagellated spores that can swim in water
what happens to amphibians with chytridomycosis?
impairs electrolyte transport
causes outer layer of skin to thicken
what are zygomycetes and what do they grow as?
molds that grow as filamentous fungi
what do glomeromycetes form?
arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots
what are ascomycetes and what do they do?
sac fungi that produce spores in saclike structures called asci and ascocarps which are fruiting bodies
what are endophytes?
they live within leaves that release toxic compounds which protects the plant as they take nutrients from leaves (mutualistic)
