High yield Immunology Flashcards
Rapid, nonspecific response with no memory, mediated by macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, neutrophils and complement
Innate immunity
Ig that protects mucus membranes and can dimerize
IgA
Complement protein that participates in opsonization along with IgG
C3B
Complement protein that serves as a chemoattractant for neutrophils
C5A (IL-8 also does this but is not a complement protein)
Complement proteins involved in Membrane Attack Complex
C5b-C9 (especially Neisseria inf)
Pyrogenic cytokines
IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha
Cytokine that modulates and shuts off immune response
IL-10
X linked recessive disease in which there is no B cell maturation. Recurrent bacterial infections after 6 months. Decreased B cells and decreased Ig’s
Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia
22q11 deletion causing recurrent viral and fungal infections, congenital heart defects, tetany due to hypocalcemia
Thymic aplasia (Di George)
Disease in which there is a defective IL-2 receptor. Susceptible to bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan infections. Absence of germinal centers and B cells. Sx: diarrhea, thrush, failure to thrive
SCID
Defects in DNA repair enzymes, cerebellar defects, spider angiomas, IgA deficiency
Ataxia telangiectasia
Defect in CD-40 which is responsible for class switching. Severe pyogenic infections early in life
Hyper IgM syndrome
Characterized by a decrease in NADPH oxidase, leading to absent respiratory burst. Susceptible to catalase positive bacteria (staph A, E. coli, Aspergillus)
Chronic granulomatous disease
Response is slow on 1st exposure and rapid on subsequent exposures. Mediated by antibodies, T and B cells
Adaptive immunity
MHC I (HLA A,B,C) binds to CD8 and is found on
all nucleated cells
MCH II (HLA-DP, DR, DQ) binds to CD4 and is found on
Antigen presenting cells
HLA A3 is associated with
Hemochromatosis
HLA B27 is associated with these 4 things
ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter’s syndrome, IBD, psoriasis
HLA DQ2/DQ8 is assoc with
Celiac disease
HLA DR-2 is assoc with these 3 things
MS, SLE, Goodpasture’s
HLA DR-3 is assoc with these 2 things
DM type 1, Grave’s disease
HLA DR-4 is assoc with these 2 things
DM type 1, RA
HLA DR-5 is assoc with these 2 things
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and pernicious anemia
This portion of the antibody binds complement and determines the isotype
Fc portion
Class switching is mediated by this cytokine
CD40
Ig that crosses the placenta and patricipates in opsonization
IgG
Guillian Baree from an influenza shot is considered what type of Hypersensitivity?
IV because it occurs days later
type of cell that secretes IL-1 to promote T cell activity
Macrophage
which subset of T helper cells secrete IL-2?
TH1
What does IgE do?
causes mast cells and basophils to release histamine when triggered by antigen
which interleukin promotes IgA and induces differentiation of eosinophils?
IL-5
cytokine causing cachexia
TNF alpha
which interleukin promotes IgG and IgE?
IL-4
class of bacteria susceptible to complement mediated lysis
Gram negative
complement proteins active against viruses?
C1-4
type of rejection that happens due to preformed antibodies in host reacting against graft antigens
Hyperacute (minutes to hours)
type of rejection that happens due to activation of previously sensitized T cells
accelerated (hours to days)
type of rejection that happens because of T cell activation, differentiation and antibody production
Acute (days to weeks)
type of rejection that happens because of immune complex deposition with subacute cytotoxicity
Chronic (months to years)
disease associated with antibasement membrane antibodies
goodpastures
disease associated with anti-centromere antibodies
CREST syndrome
Drug induced lupus is associated with what autoantibody
anti-histone
Myositis is associated with what autoantibody
anti-Jo1
Antimicrosomal antibodies are associated with what disease?
Hashimotos thyroiditis
AKA rheumatoid factor
anti-IgG
anti-dsDNA and anti-smith are highly specific for
SLE
Antimitochondrial antbodies are associated with what disease?
Primary Biliary cirrhosis
systemic sclerosis is associated with what autoantibody?
anti-Scl-70 (topoisomerase)
Autoantibodies for Sjrogens syndrome
Anti-SSa and anti-SSb
autoantibodies found in Wegener granulomatosis
C-ANCA (cytoplasmic pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
Diseases associated with p-ANCA (perinuclear pattern antineutrophil antibodies) (3)
Microscopic polyangiitis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Churg Strauss
characteristics of Bruton’s X linked Agammaglobulinemia
mutation in Btk (bruton tyrosine kinase) causing B cell deficiency causing recurrent respiratory tract infections in young boys > 6 mo (staph, strep, haemophilus, Giardia)
characteristics of DiGeorge syndrome
failure of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches causing thymic aplasia which means no T cells so there are frequent viral and fungal infections, hypocalcemia due to no parathyroid which causes tetany. Also congenital defects of heart and aorta.
characteristics of SCID
can be caused by adenosine deaminase deficiency or mutation of cytokine receptor IL-7 causing defective B and T cells. Thus susceptible to fungal, viral, parasitic and bacterial infections.
characteristics of ataxia telangiectasia
IgA deficiency, cerebellar dysfunction, telangiectasias especially in eyes
characteristics of Chronic granulomatous disease
deficiency of NADPH oxidase leading to impaired respiratory burst leading to increased susceptibility to catalase positive organisms.
characteristics of hyper-IgM syndrome
defect in CD 40 leading to no class switching
characteristics of Chediak HIgashi syndrome
microtubule defect causing impaired phagocytosis, partial albinism, peripheral neuopathy
characteristics of Job (hyper IgE syndrome)
failure of neutrophil chemotaxis, ezcema, elevated IgE, noninflammed staph abcess
characteristics of Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
increased IgA, normal IgE, low IgM, recurrent infections, thrombocytopenia, ezcema
