High Yield

Question 1

What is the GFR value in type 1 renal failure

Answer 1

90-120

Question 2

What is the GFR value in type 2 renal failure

Answer 2

60-90

Question 3

What is the GFR value in type 3 renal failure

Answer 3

30-60

Question 4

What is the GFR value in type 4 renal failure

Answer 4

15-30

Question 5

What is the GFR value in type 5 renal failure

Answer 5

0-15

Question 6

Why ACEI is contraindicated in bilateral renal artery sclerosis

Answer 6

-ACEI will inhibit angiotensin II which may lead to vasodilation of vessel
-this may cause the vasodilation of efferent arterioles causing less GFR
-in bilateral renal artery sclerosis; narrowing of the afferent already causing less GFR
-thus sudden decrease of GFR will lead to acute kidney injury

Question 7

Patient comes to the hospital complaining of red urine, pathological lab finding shows there is no RBC cast what is this?

Also in case of present of RBC cast, what’s is that?

Answer 7

-UTI (lower urinary tract infection)
-nephritic syndrome

Question 8

Pathological finding of a patient in the microscope is muddy brown, granular cast, this indicates

Answer 8

acute tubular necrosis

Question 9

What is oligouria

Answer 9

-urine output less than 400

Question 10

What is anuria

Answer 10

-urine output less than 50

Question 11

What is the best treatment for volume overload

Answer 11

-loop diuretic

Question 12

What is the effect of insulin on K

Answer 12

-insulin increase K uptake intracellularly
-thus it is used in case of hyperkalemia

Question 13

Why thiazide is added to loop diuretic

Answer 13

-increase diuretic efficacy

Question 14

Main function of PCT

Answer 14

Reabsorption of HCO3-

Question 15

Main function of alpha intercalated cell

Answer 15

-secrete H+