Glomerular Disease Flashcards
Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome
-proteinuria (>3.5)
-hypoproteinemia
-pitting edema (hypoalbuminemia)
-hypercholestremia (hepatic lipogenesis)
What is the character of proteinuria
-frothy urine
Criteria of Nephritic Syndrome
-hematuria (RBC cast)
-oligouria
-azotemia (BUN>18, Cr>1.2)
-hypertension
-mild proteinuria
What are the nephrotic syndrome diseases
MF MDA
-minimal changes
-focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
-membranous nephropathy
-diabetic
-amyloidosis
What are the nephritic syndrome diseases
-APSGN
-RPGN (cresenteric)
-IgA nephropathy (Burger)
-Alport syndrome
What is the characteristic edema in nephrotic syndrome
-generalized edema with periorbital edema
What is proteinuria
Protein in urine more than 100mg/m2/day
What are the test to diagnose proteinuria
-urine dipstick
-24 hour urine collection
What is the most cause of nephrotic syndrome
-minimal changes
In minimal changes disease, what is the main changes occuring in EM
-effacement of the pedocyte
Why steroid is given in minimal changes disease
-it will prevent the T cell to release cytokine that will cause damage to the podocyte and GBM
What is the people at risk of FSGS
-heroin drug abuser
-black people
What happened to untreated Focal Segmental GS patient
-it will worsen to ESKD
What is the L/M findings of focal segmental GS
-sclerosis
-hyalinosis
-lipid laden (foamy) macrophage
What is the cause of focal segmental GS
-primary (idiopathic)
-secondary (drug abuser; HIV, heroin)
What is the cause of thickening in membrane nephropathy
-deposition of immune complex in the subepithelial
What is the second most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adult
-membrane nephropathy
What is the complication of membrane nephropathy
-DVT
-RVT
What is the IF manifestation of membrane nephropathy
-granular
-subepithelial immunocomplex deposition
What is the IF manifestation of membrane nephropathy
-granular
-subepithelial immunocomplex deposition
What is the EM manifestation of membrane nephropathy
-spike and dome with silver stain
In diabetic nephropathy, how does proteinuria occurs
-diabetic causes deposition of type IV collagen
-leading to thickening of the vessel
-which increase the permeability to protein
In diabetic nephropathy, what causes severe proteinuria (>4)
-diffuse mesangial sclerosis
What is Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion
-it is a eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis
-it present in diabetic nephropathy
What is the definition of hematuria
The presence of RBC >6 on light microscope or > 3 consecutive sample
A history of a children with a history of streptococcal skin infection (scarlet fever) returns to the hospital after 2-4 weeks of having the condition due to present of blood in urine
-APSGN
Subepithelial IC hump (lumpy-humpy) is mainly found in case of
-APSGN
What is the etiology of crescentic GN wirg linear immune complex deposition
-goodpasture syndrome
What is the etiology of crescentic GN wirg granular subepithelial immune complex deposition
-ASPGN (lumpy-bumpy, dome shape)
What is the etiology of crescentic GN with granular subendothelial immune complex deposition
-DPGN
What is the etiology of crescentic GN without immune complex deposition
-pauci immune
A history of a children with a history of UTI and after 1-3 days, the patient notices the present of blood in urine occuring cocurrently
IgA nephropathy (Berger)
What is the main symptoms of IgA nephropathy
-synpharyngitis (concurrent infection), -macroscopic hematuria (gross)
What is the most associated condition with IgA nephropathy
-henoch scholein purpura
