high baroque era bach and handle

Question 1

middle of the 18th century

Answer 1

leading composers came from germany

 They did not invent new genres but synthesized elements of Italian, French, German in new and rich ways.

Question 2

Johann Sebastian Bach 1685-1750

Answer 2

lived and worked in leipzig in the last 25years of his life,

 Made music to please and edify his fellow citizens and please God,
 Composed In all genres of his time rather than opera.

> best known for musical orchestra
adopted three new movements fast,slow fast
positions at churches across his career,

trained as violinist and organist (church)

wrote sonatas for cello, violin and flute

Question 3

organ works of bach

Answer 3

as a church organist - he focused on genres of service and chorale settings,

 The combination of prelude and fugues one of the fav musical structures from the day – idiomatic for the organ, well defined themes, technically difficult,

Toccata in d minor NAWM 97
 In which a Prelude alternates sections of free fantasia with fugal sections of imitative counterpoint.

Question 4

at weimar

Answer 4

 He became fascinated with Vivaldi, composed Vivaldi concertos for harpsichord solo and organ,

learned to write concise themes,

the little organ book written by him

NAWM 102 - influence of vivaldi
 violistinic figurations resembling concerto solos,
 contrasting textures, sequences, circle of fifth progression, clear tonal structure,

Question 5

bach at cothen and leipzig

Answer 5

Cothen 1717-23

> Music director of court,
Works for keyboard, or instrumental ensembles,
Wrote sonata, partitas,

Leipzig – 1723-50

> Cantatas and other church music,
Directed at the collegium musicum (a college) wrote orchestra music,
Concertos for two violins
The first to arrange for more than one harpsicord and orchestra,

Question 6

prelude and fugues

Answer 6

prelude -
>Illustrates diff types of keyboards performance convention and compositional practices.

fugues -
>First voice states the subject in tonic and the second answers in dominant,
>Together, the voice defines the main key of the piece,
>Master of harmony,
>Bigger than preludes,
>Bach is famous for his fugues,

NAWM 104b - fugue
subject and answer

Question 7

church cantatas

Answer 7

bach wrote 3 to 4 cantatas in a year,

responsibility is to interpret and comment on the gospel

Question 8

Handle

Answer 8

German
Traveled unlike bach
Moved to italy

Oratorios
- opera with no costumes and sets no acting
Almira opera
Ronaldo opera
Use of areas with concerto accompaniment



Question 9

Handel oratorios

Answer 9

English oratorio

The course in handles oratorio plays a variety of roles

Narrating a story, commenting on events

Question 10

handel concertos

Answer 10

for organ and orchestra

adopted corellis sonata the chiesa rather than vivaldis approach