baroque music in the 18th

Question 1

composers of the 18th century

Answer 1

bach, vivaldi, rameau, couperin, handle

Question 2

the rise of concerto in italy

Answer 2

venice is still the shit hahah

tourists, musicians playing on the street, more competition

lots of music being made,

orphanage hospitals taught music to kids and helped them.

Question 3

instrumental concertos

Answer 3

three kinds of concertos by the 1700,

grosso -
>Set a small ensemble “concertino” against a large ensemble “grosso”,

solo -
>A single instrument, most often violins, contrasted with the large ensemble,

orchestral -
>Work in several movements,
>Emphasized the first violin part and the bass,

Question 4

Giuseppe Torelli

Answer 4

A leading figure in the bologna school, composed solo, orchestral and grosso concertos.

his master plan became the basis for the later ritornello form.

Works follow a three-movement structure taken from Italian opera overture

Question 5

ritornello form

Answer 5

frames solo passages in fast movements ,

resembles the A section of da capo aria

two extended passages for the soloist, framed by ritornello that appears at the beginning and end

soloist has new material,

Question 6

Antonio vivaldi 1678-1741

Answer 6

best known italian composer

worked at a venetian school for girls and orphanage

experimenting with concertos

furnished new oratorios and concertos for every church holiday

Concertos have a freshness of melody, rhythmic verve, treatment of solo and orchestra color, muted strings, pizzicato,

Question 7

vivaldi orchestra

Answer 7

His orchestra included

25 strings, divided in what was becoming the standard arrangement,

violin 1-2, viollas and cellos and bass viols, sometimes he added flutes, oboes, bassoms,

Question 8

Vivaldis ritornello form

Answer 8

 He expanded Torelli’s basic form,

 The opening is composed of several units abc,

 The solo sections are virtuosic and idiomatic passages, scales or arpeggios or other figurations, it has the personality,

nawm 98 - violin and orchestra in a minor

Question 9

vivaldis slow and fast movements

Answer 9

slow is as important as fast movements,

long breathed, expressive, cantabile melody

ritornello form allowed him to spin out long movements

in both slow and fast he used sequence, generating small measures from a short motive with strong chord progressions

Question 10

paris as a musical center

Answer 10

musical center,

wide range of patrons and musical institutions supported musicians rather the king

italian music in france was foreign and accepted by some

Question 11

Francois Couperine 1688-1733

Answer 11

Wrote stylish music for keyboard,

Advocate of French and Italian styles,

Admired Lully and Corelli and celebrated them in suites.

First composer of a trio sonatas 1762

NAWM 99A AND B -
whimsical french overture,
fast dance in triple meter,

Question 12

jean philip rameau 1683-1764

Answer 12

wrote opera and instrumental music in france

wrote airs and dances for musical comedies,

lullys important successor, but the lully fans found his music forceful and thick

minimized the contrast between airs and recitaive

theater works resemble lullys, both apply realistic declamation and precise rhytmic notation in the recitatives,

mixing recitaative with airs

Question 14

Vivaldi concerto’s

Answer 14

Groupings of solo and orchestral instruments


Ritornwllo form