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Med Surg 2 > HF > Flashcards

HF Flashcards

1
Q

What type of medication is Lisinopril?

A

ACE inhibitor

Lisinopril is a first-choice medication for managing blood pressure.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of Beta Blockers?

A

Lower both heart rate and blood pressure

Atenolol is an example of a beta blocker.

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3
Q

Name a type of medication that lowers heart rate and blood pressure.

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

Examples include Nifedipine and Amlodipine.

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4
Q

What is the role of Digoxin in cardiac care?

A

Increases contractility of the heart

It is a cardiac glycoside used to improve heart function.

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5
Q

What are the two types of diuretics mentioned?

A
  • Potassium Wasting
  • Potassium Sparing

Furosemide is a potassium-wasting diuretic, while Spironolactone is potassium-sparing.

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6
Q

What dietary restriction is recommended for patients?

A

Low sodium and fluid intake (2L + 2g or less/day)

This helps manage blood pressure and fluid retention.

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7
Q

True or False: Patients with CHF should avoid OTC medications such as cough or flu medications.

A

True

OTC medications can exacerbate heart failure symptoms.

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8
Q

What should be monitored daily in patients with heart failure?

A

Daily weights

A gain of 3 lbs in a day or 5 lbs in a week indicates worsening condition.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Nitroglycerin is classified as a _______.

A

Vasodilator

It is used to relieve angina and improve blood flow.

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10
Q

What is a potential adverse effect of Nitroglycerin?

A

Low blood pressure

Position changes should be done slowly to avoid dizziness.

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11
Q

What is the significance of monitoring potassium levels in patients taking Digoxin?

A

Potassium levels of 3.5 or less increase the risk of toxicity

Toxicity symptoms include vision changes and nausea.

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12
Q

What should be avoided when taking ACE inhibitors?

A

Pregnancy and risk of angioedema

Angioedema can pose a significant airway risk.

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13
Q

What does the acronym DRBEDSS stand for in nursing care?

A
  • Diet low in sodium
  • Risk for falls
  • Elevate legs
  • Daily weights
  • Stockings (TED hose)
  • No OTC meds

These are key nursing interventions for heart failure patients.

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14
Q

What should patients with heart failure do regarding their position changes?

A

Change positions slowly

This helps prevent falls due to dizziness or lightheadedness.

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15
Q

What is a caution for patients taking beta blockers?

A

Bradycardia (heart rate less than 60)

Beta blockers can exacerbate low heart rates.

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16
Q

What should be monitored when administering Nitroglycerin drips?

A

Systolic BP below 90 or a 30 mmHg drop

These parameters indicate the need to stop the infusion.

17
Q

What is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough

This side effect is specific to ACE inhibitors and not ARBs.

18
Q

True or False: It is safe to massage the calves of CHF patients.

A

False

Massaging calves can lead to complications in CHF patients.

19
Q

What is the purpose of TED hose?

A

Decreases blood pooling

TED hose should be removed daily for skin care.

20
Q

What is heart failure?

A

The heart fails to maintain adequate cardiac output due to impaired pumping ability.

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by the failure to pump blood forward.

21
Q

What does the acronym HF stand for in a clinical context?

A

Heart Failure

HF can also be interpreted as Heavy Fluid due to fluid backup in lungs/body.

22
Q

What is a common sign of right-sided heart failure?

A

Peripheral Edema

This includes weight gain, JVD, abdominal growth, ascites, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly.

23
Q

What is a common sign of left-sided heart failure?

A

Pulmonary Edema

Symptoms include crackles in lungs, pink frothy sputum, and orthopnea.

24
Q

What does JVD stand for?

A

Jugular Venous Distention

JVD indicates fluid overload in the body.

25
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Difficulty breathing when lying flat

This symptom is commonly associated with left-sided heart failure.

26
Q

Name three causes of right-sided heart failure.

A
  • Hypertension (high BP)
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Stiff fibrotic lungs

Left-sided heart failure can also lead to right-sided heart failure.

27
Q

Name two causes of left-sided heart failure.

A
  • Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
  • Ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease is characterized by low oxygen to heart muscles.

28
Q

What is the most common risk factor for heart failure?

A

Hypertension (high BP)

It is the #1 risk factor for developing heart failure.

29
Q

What lab test is used to diagnose heart failure?

A

BNP (brain type natriuretic peptides)

A BNP level over 900 indicates severe heart failure.

30
Q

What is the normal range for ejection fraction?

A

55 - 70%

An ejection fraction of 40% or less indicates bad heart function.

31
Q

What is the normal range for pulmonary artery pressure (Swanz Ganz)?

A

2 - 8 mmHg

A pressure over 8 mmHg is concerning.

32
Q

What is the first action to take during a pulmonary edema crisis?

A

Administer Furosemide

Furosemide is a diuretic used to help ‘dry’ the body of excess fluid.

33
Q

Which position should a patient in pulmonary edema be placed?

A

45 degrees or higher (semi-fowlers, high fowlers, or orthopneic position)

This position helps ease breathing.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: Sodium _______ the body.

A

Swells

Reducing sodium intake is important in managing heart failure.

35
Q

True or False: Cold medicine can worsen symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure.

A

True

It can lead to symptoms like productive cough with pink frothy sputum.

36
Q

What dietary item should heart failure patients avoid?

A

Chips (high in sodium)

Sodium can exacerbate fluid retention in heart failure patients.

Med Surg 2 (15 decks)

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