HES 11 Midterm 2 Flashcards
Around how Man litres of blood do we have and what percentage of body does it make up
5L and 8%
what are the three types of cells and cell fragments in the blood?
Leukocytes
eryhtrocytes
Platelets
Name 5 functions of the blood?
Transport - gases, solutes,
Repair- blood clots seal damaged vessels
Body temp reg
PH rege
blood pressure (maintained by blood volume)
What is hematopoeisis, where does it take place and from what?
It is formation of blood cells - takes place in red bone barrow from hematopoetic stem cells
eryythropeoisis and leukopoiesis
what doe erythroctyes lack? what is the cytosol filled with? what is its lifespan and where are they broken down?
Eryhtrocyets lack nucleus and other organells, its cytosol is filled with hemoglobin - has a lifespan of 120 days and its broken down in the spleen and liver
What is are RBC’s broken up into? What happens to these products?
Broken up into heme, iron and amino acids
The heme gets converted to bilirubin which is a waste product - excreted in urine and feces
Iron and amino acids are recycled to make new hemoglobin
What is iron required for in transporting oxygen?
It is requite for o2 binding to the heme group of hemloglobin
what is erythopoeitin?
a horomon excreted by kidneys for RBC maturation - help reg negative feedback loop
What are the 5 types of leukocytes, what are the most prominent ones
Neutrophils (most prom), eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocyte
What are neutrophils?
phagocytyes ingest and destroy damaged cells
what are eosinophils?
phagocytes - mainly involved in allergic rxns
what are basophils?
the least common WBC - release chemicals that promote inflammation - mainly in allergic reactions
what are lymphocytyes?
Have T cells - destroy invaders and B cells- secrete antibodies that destroy invaders
What are monocytes?
phagocytes - turn into macrophages in tissues - eat up the damage
what are platelets broken off from? lfiespan of platelets?
megakaryocytes. 7-10 days
what is an antigen?
A unique glycoprotein found on the surface of all cells?
what antigen is present in type A, B, AB, O blood? what does the positive and negative indicate?
Type A has A antigen
B has B antigen
AB has both
O has none
Positive means rH antigen is present, negative means it isnt.
What does the body to against foreign anitgens that are not recognized as self?
make antibodies
What happens when you recieve a RBC with a foreign antigen?
antibodies bind – agglutination pccurs – hemolysis
What is the universal donor ?
O -, has no surafce antigens
What is the universal recipient?
AB+ - has all the antigens therefore has no antibodies and can receive from all blood donors
what are the 2 main components of the lymphaticc system?
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic tissues and organs
what are the three main funtions of the lymphatic system?
1) part of the immune system
- immune cell prod, maturation and storage
- filtration of foreign pathogens
2) supports dietary fat absorption
3) Regulation of intertititial fluid volume
- pick up excess fluid in the extracellular spaces and deliver it back to CV system
What type of tissue is lymphatic? What type of fibers and cells are present in this tissue?
Connective tissue
contains reticular fibres - form nets to cathc foreign pathogens and reticular cells - make the reticular fibres
Immune cells - B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (derived from monocytes )