HES 105 Midterm

Question 1

what is an internal or external condition that challenges homeostasis? an example?

Answer 1

a stressor: exercise, temp, air pollution

Question 2

what is exercise physiology

Answer 2

the study of how we respond to the stress of exercise

Question 3

why is prob best not to call it exercise phys?

Answer 3

cause exercise is technically structured but exercise physiology focuses on all PA including unstructured

Question 4

whats the stressful part of exercise (disrupts homeostasis)?

Answer 4

EVERYTHING , specifically it increases metabolic rate
- increases temp, pH, energy/fuel stat

Question 5

What are the three main categories of factors that influence the physiological response to exercise?

Answer 5

The activity
The body
The environment

Question 6

How are training adaptations an example of acclimatizations to stress

Answer 6

Training adaptations are the body acclimatizing to exercise - adjustment and compensation that improves tolerance to any stressor

Question 7

what is work?

Answer 7

energy transferreed by a force

Question 8

what is power

Answer 8

work done over time

Question 9

On a leg cycle ergometer…
___ turns the flywheel
___ determined by friction against the flywheel
____ is determined by tension
Tension in belt isn increased by?

Answer 9

Pedalling
Resistance
frcition
- Adding weight to the basket

Question 10

What is energy

Answer 10

ability to do work

Question 11

what is mechanical, chemical, thermal enrgy

Answer 11

mechanical - movement of object or potential to move
Chemical - energy in bonds of molecules
thermal - energy due to vibrations of molecules

Question 12

what is the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transformed (converted) or transferred (passed to something else)

Question 13

What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

In every transformation/transfer, some energy is lost as HEAT

Question 14

Is anabolism exer or ender gonic>

Answer 14

endergonic

Question 15

what are the three kinds of biological work?

Answer 15

muscle contraction, synthesizing things, maintaining membrane potential and re establishing it

Question 16

what is Basal MR?

Answer 16

the cost of all background procceses and homestasis to keep us alive

Question 17

What factors influence basal MR?

Answer 17

Body mass (increase with size), body comp (increase with lean mass), age (decrease w age), sex, horomones and genetics can cause inc or decr

Question 18

what is resting MR?

Answer 18

cost of being alive and meaningful movement

Question 19

what is acitvity Mr

Answer 19

between rest and max

Question 20

what is activity MR determined by?

Answer 20

type, duration, max

Question 21

what is resting MR determined by

Answer 21

Body position (decr in sitting vs standing), state of arousal (decrease at true rest), psych state (increase w anxiety, fear, agitation)

Question 22

what is thermogenesis?

Answer 22

cost of digestion (10%)
determined by how much you ate

Question 23

what does atp combine with to produce ___

Answer 23

ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + usable energy + heat

Question 24

Why do we need to resynth/recycle atp

Answer 24

we cant store or consume that much of it

Question 25

3 macronutrients

Answer 25

protein, fats, carbs

Question 26

what is the duration of phosphagen system?

Answer 26

10-15 seconds

Question 27

what is the duration of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 27

1-2 mins

Question 28

what system makes a big mess?

Answer 28

anaerobic glycolysis - produces lots of H+ leads to acidosis

Question 29

where does energy come from in the aerobic pathway

Answer 29

CHO, lipids and proteins

Question 30

what is the law of conservation of mass

Answer 30

Mass is conserved but transformed

Question 31

what is the phosphate donor in both the creatine kinase and myokinase reaction?

Answer 31

phosphocreatin and ADP

Question 32

is creatine good for hypertrophy?

Answer 32

no, high intensity exercise tho

Question 33

defintion of glyoclysis

Answer 33

catabolism of sugar/glucose

Question 34

whats higher energy… glucose or pyruate?

Answer 34

glcuose

Question 35

what happens during the investment phase of glycolysis?

Answer 35

Pi is transferred from atp to glucose - energy released and transferred to higher energy intermediate

Question 36

What happens during the pay-off phase of glycolysis?

Answer 36

Pi transferred from intermediate to adp (substrate level phos) E released to lower energy intermediate used to transfer to ATP
Produces 2 nadh by reducing NAD+

Question 37

what is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Answer 37

the process of adding pi from a molecule (substrate) to ATP, energy is released when this Pi is removed but then the energy is used to add it onto the atpe

Question 38

how much atp is produced in glycolysis vs glycogenesis

Answer 38

net 2 in glyc and net 3 in glycogensis

Question 39

whats the reate limiting enzyme

Answer 39

phosphofructokinase

Question 40

Explain how the relationship between muscle tension and load can lead to muscles shortening, lengthening, or staying the same length during contraction; describe and recognize when contractions are dynamic vs static, eccentric, concentric or isometric, and isotonic vs isokinetic

Answer 40

Tension>load is concentric + muscle shortens
Tension <load is eccentric + muscle lengthens
Tension = load - isometric + stays they same length

Dynamic contraction - moves the skeleton
Isotonic: tension stays the same throughout contraction
Isokinetic: velocity stays the same but tension changes
Static contraction - no movement occurs (isometric)

Question 41

What are 3 mechanical factors that influence

Answer 41

Contraction velocity
Muscle action
Joint angle

Understanding mechanical factors - optimize biomechanical technique
During comp - max strength/power
During training - maximize training adaptations